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Hippie culture
Hippies became well known in this era for there wild ideas, clothing, and way of life. Many took up the buddhism ways, astrology or occult, and others drugs. Not only that, but the hippies stood out. There wore bright clothing, mainly tie-dyed shirts and flowers in their hair. They also considered themselves to be flower children. Their way of life was peace, not war. Date: Timoth Leary date of birth
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The domino theory
Dwight D. Eisenhower felt as if Vietnam fell into Communism other countries would soon follow. That theory is known as the domino theory. To prevent this we sent supplies, money and troops to Vietnam. We were paying more than 75% of their war from the Fench. http://mrortlieb.weebly.com/uploads/8/9/7/6/8976286/8644899_orig.jpg?448 -
Brown v. Board of Education
Linda Brown lived a few blockks from a school, but could not attend because she was black. So, she had to walk five blocks and take the bus two miles to go to her school. Seeing the unjustice parents and the NAACP challenged segregation. After reviewing Linda Brown's case, Earl Warren decided to take back the court's Plessy decisions for public schools. Warren stated that segregated schools were unconstitutional. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/brown/brown-aftermath.html -
The Montgomery bus boycott
Rosa Parks, NAACP member, boarded a bus one night and went to the blacks section. When the white section was filled, she was ordered to give up her seat. When she refused, they arrested her. The NAACP now began to boycott the bus system having Martin Luther King Jr. as their leader. They avoided all busses until they changed the law to intergrate the buses completely. http://350cr.blogs.brynmawr.edu/past-campaigns/montgomery-bus-boycott/ -
The Little Rock Crisis
Massive resistance movement was created to have officials of all levels block intergration to avoid blacks and whites going to the same schools. The nine children on their first day were turned away by soldiers. Finally, President Eisenhower declared on national television that he was sending federak troops to assist the nine children and they were able to begin school. Even being inside they were badly abused. http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/Little_Rock__101st_Airborne_Div_.jpg -
Cuban Americans
Many Cubans left Cubs to avoid the political c risis arisng because of Fidel Castro. To solve their problems, they fled to the mainlands in hope of a solution for Cuba unlike the other organizations wanting change in the states. They gathered for movements working to overthrow Castro and communism. http://www.worldsstrangest.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-o-matic/wscache23/e88ca_plot-to-kill-castro.jpg -
The sit-in movement
Four men decided to sit at a the Woolworth store counter and order, but were denied because of their race. The men sat there in hope of being arested but were not. So they stayed until the store closed. For three days they returned each with more followers. Their act made national news and gained many supporters. In the end the Greensboro protest won white support, because they seeked change in a peaceful way. https://wikis.nyu.edu/ek6/modernamerica/index.php/Reform/TheCivilRightsMovement -
The Election of 1960
About 120,000 voters seperated Kennedy and Nixon. The victory went to Kennedy, making him the youngest president and the only Catholic president. Although he won, the southern side did not care for Kennedy and that fact along with a close election are what helped to create chaos in Kennedys future as president. http://www.270towin.com/historical_maps/1960.gif -
A civil war
Diem's enemys were in revolt. North Vietnam began supplying weapons to Vietminh rebels. Those rebels were the one's who remained in the South even after the defeat of the French war. South Vietnam then created the Vietcong, Vietnamese Communists, to help overthrow Diem's reign. http://www.stripes.com/polopoly_fs/1.175239.1335128017!/image/2321026512.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_804/2321026512.jpg -
The Space Program
This program became known as a symbol of Kennedys New Frontier policy. After the Soviets beat us to launching the first human to space, Kennedy became determined to beat them. He begged Congress to fund the unmanned exploration of space. That race, we did win. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_bkOXIhQNP-g/S-sQGA6ziPI/AAAAAAAAAAo/5Ga6zLlid5g/s1600/300_14846.jpg -
The invasion of Cuba
Kennedy waited to recieve from word from the CIA that the Bay of Pigs invasion would succeed until he continued the mission. Although he did get there word the outcome was a failure. They were publicy exposed to the entire nation when one of the plains landed in Key West. Castro was now prepared to fight the U.S. and defeated us. Instead of ending the communism Cuba, they strenghened it. http://sillysoft.net/plugins/images/Bay of Pigs.jpg -
Kennedy and Congress
With Kennedy barely winning presidency, he was denied a mandate. This made any of Kennedy's plans hard to succeed since he now needed to prove to Congress that the citizens agreeded and accepted his plans of action. Congress would not help him lower taxes or create heath care programs so he found other ways that avoided needing to go through Congress first. http://media.economist.com/images/images-magazine/2010/10/09/ma/20101009_map002.jpg -
The Freedom Rides
CORE decided to send freedom riders on a bus through the South where it would stop and the riders would use white only facilities. On May 4, a group was given mild harassment. On May 14, the bus was attacked by a mob who firebombed the bus and beat the escaping riders. After another outbreak in Alabama, the bus company refused to sell them tickets and CORE retreated the movement http://www.betterlivingthroughbeowulf.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/civil-rights-freedom-riders-burned-bus_jpeg1.jpg -
A movement emerges
Most of the Native American people believed it was a time for change in there race too. About 700 came together in Chicago to talk about their future. Chippewa-Cree activist, D’Arcy McNickle announced a Declaration of Indian Purpose. It stated that the Native American people could and would take control over their own lives. This declaration created the red power movement and the unity of seperate tribes coming together. http://abqarts.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/RedPowerRising_72ppi.jpg -
The Berlin Wall
This wall was created to stop Berlin's people from escaping into freedom. Over time the wall kept growing longer and longer preventing even more from reaching freedom. They created trenches to keep away vehicles and a second wall for extra saftey. When Kennedy went to the wall, he stated that its importance was that is was a failure of communism. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Berlinermauer.jpg/220px-Berlinermauer.jpg -
The Albany Movement
With hundreds in Jail Matin Luther King Jr. began the Albany Movement to protest. He was put in jail and refused to pay the fine so he would stay and invited others to join him. Police Cheif made arrangements so he could arrest all the protestors.
When press came for King, police cheif payed his fine so he was released. City officials said if King left, they would negogiate, but lied. King was defeated.
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The Twenty-fourth Amendment
This amendment denied states from taxing their voters. Many states used the taxing to stop blacks from voting and since it was not race based, it was constitutional. This amendment increased hope to all blacks and some whites, that change was indeed coming. http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5150/5693208336_fea9b9740f_z.jpg -
Kennedy Assassination
On his way to deliever a speech to gain supporters for the next election, Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald. Hours later, VIce President Johnson became President Johnson. This assassination was hard for the nations people expecially. People began to lose hope for the future, http://www.britannica.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/tribune.jpg -
Crisis in Mississippi
Andrew Goodman, a college volunteer, went with CORE members, James Chaney and Michael Schwerner to a black church that had been bombed. Arrested for speeding the were put in jail. At night they were released and drove off. But never again were those three men heard of again. http://www.umbc.edu/cadvc/foralltheworld/images/exhibit/section3/fbi.jpg -
The Women’s Liberation Movement
The main concept of this movement was that both women and men should be equal. For there cause, they cheered and for the passage of the civil rights act of 1964 where the equal opportunties for all genfers would be enforced by law. With all the movements going on, it was clear that the government officials did not care for much for this passage at all. http://womensliberationmusicarchive.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/internationalwomensdaysolidarity-withwomensstrugglesallovertheworld1.jpg -
War on Povery
After Kennedy's death, many of his staff members began to work on his antipoverty proposals and even got the aprroval from new President Johnson. Johnson stated to them that this was their main priority. To achieve Kennedys goal Johnson created the War on Poverty which Congress passed in August. http://i43.tower.com/images/mm100955087/president-johnsons-war-on-poverty-rhetoric-history-david-zarefsky-paperback-cover-art.jpg -
Election of 1964
Johnson easily won the Democratic party and selected Hubert Humphrey to be his running man. The Republican side chose Barry Goldwater and because of the noticable differences, the voters choice of who to chose was simple. When we labeled Goldwater as radical, the nation agreed when they saw the actions he took to win. Making the voters choices simpler, Johnson won again and even got a mandate. http://www.historycentral.com/elections/1964PresElect.jpg -
Creating the Great Society
President Johnson had an easier time with Congress the Kennedy ever did. In his plans to reach what he wanted, he succeeded where Kennedy did not. Johnson created 13 different types of legislations between 1964 and 1967. His personal intrest was in providing education for the poor. He achieved this in creating Head Start. It was an education program for preschool children under low income, http://bird.lbjlib.utexas.edu/ctjforkids/Images/sub-head-start.gif
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Black Muslims
This was one of the largest and influential groups to express Black Power, Malcolm X became their leader in the 1960's. He offered them hope and trashed any nonviolent ways, but he visited Islam’s holy sites and when he came back was a different kind of fighter. He began working with other civil rights leaders and was soon assassinated for becoming a traitor. http://www.soulfullofthoughts.com/2010/02/45-years-later-remembering-malcolm-x.html -
The Air War
President Johnson ordered Operation Rolling Thunder as one of the first U.S. direct involvement in the war. It was a bombing campaign over North Vietnam. Johnson wanted to weaken the North's ablitily to fight and also their will. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bombing_in_Vietnam.jpg/250px-Bombing_in_Vietnam.jpg -
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
Giving attention by the Selma march, Congress passed this act. Civil rights leaders like King and Parks atteneded the ceremony signing. This law was one of the most important because it gave the federal government tools to break down any obstacles in blacks voting. Within three weeks, more than
27,000 blacks were registered to vote.
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Black Power
Replacing John Lewis, Stokely Carmichael took leadership of SNCC, but the movement began to have cracks. He gave up nonviolence movments but denied any violent actions. He explained that black power was simply a way to show that blacks only needed to depend on themselves to solve problems. http://leahmorrigan.wordpress.com/tag/stokely-carmichael/ -
The Black Panthers
Inspired by Black Power, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, created the Black Panthers. They also used violent means to achive their goal, liberation. They even carried guns to monitor their neighborhoods against police brutality. The Black Panthers and the police never got along and had many shootings with casualties on both sides. http://cdn.hiphopwired.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/0ba0cd4302a62993bbb9e328bc6fd86b.jpg -
Johnson Seeks a Solution
Although General Westmoreland was saying the Tet Offensive was a victory, the people began to question his statements. Why would we need to keep sending troops if we were clearly winning? They began to assume we have been lying to them all along. To make all sides happy Johnson decided to talk to Norht Vietnam instead and come to an agreement. http://cdn.theatlantic.com/static/mt/assets/jamesfallows/walter-cronkite-01.jpg -
The Brown Berets
This group was one of the most militant organizations in the Chicano movement. They took protest to a new level. They began with police brutality and continued to have brutal movements with the media all over them, but the media only made them stronger. Even though women took part, they were rarely heard, this group did not care about the women, men were superior. http://www.trademarkia.com/logo-images/sanchez/brown-berets-la-causa-74414534.jpg -
The Media’s Impact
The media did not help those in the Vietnam war at all. It finally showed people the truth of what was going on in Vietnam. We were appalled by the conditions and strategys the U.S. was taking to win the war. We did not agree with the war at all. http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02060/student-protest_2060441c.jpg -
New Changes and Gains
Even after Martin Luther King Jr.'s death, changes kept coming. One was that President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968. This law banned discrimination in the sale or rental of housing. Giving blacks an equal chance to live in a good neighborhood as well as whites. http://www.hud.gov/offices/fheo/images/LBJ-CivilRightsAct.jpg -
A Change in Goals
The Poor People’s Campaign was becoming a major success, It was achieving rights for African American's, although they were only basic. King still wanted to reach a complete success in their rights but could not acomplish it because of his death. Ralph Abernathy took Kings position and failed greatly without King. They expirence bad weather, but most of all the media was troubling them. http://anticap.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/poor_peoples_campaign_flyer_full.gif -
Khe Sanh
NVA and Vietcong troops attacked the U.S. milititary base in Khe Sanh. The battle lasted a total of 77 days. Even with the surpise attack the U.S. still held control of the Khe Sanh. They concluded that this attack is why there was increased action on the Chi Minh Trial. Also, the main factor of the battle was to draw U.S. and ARVN forces away from urban areas. http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4053/5162627651_2dd7333e80.jpg -
Music
During the counterculture, music became a huge way to spread their views. The new rock n roll styled music became just another way for teens to act out against their parents. Like The Beatles, other bands began to impress the youth. Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Joan Baez, and the Grateful Dead were also people that helped the you with their movement. Date: Revolution release date (Beatles)
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Vietnamization
Vietnamization was one of president Nixons ideas to end war with peace.This idea was that we would leave the fighting to South Vietnam and begin to pull out U.S. troops and bring them back home. Even though he was bringing home troops many antiwar activist oppossed this plan because it didn't end war right away. http://politicalparade.com/catalog/images/NIX118.jpg -
A nationalist leader
In the French rule, Vietnam was driven into poverty. To solve this issue, the started a nationalist movement. One main leader was, Ho Chi Minh. Ho Chi Minh believed to succeed in gaining freedom Vietnam needed a Communist revolution. By doing so he hoped that those actions would achieve Vietnams independence once and for all. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nmu1cOfAf2E/TLH2zDZlSBI/AAAAAAAAAJE/xddNl_77L8A/s1600/Ho+Chi+Minh.jpg -
The Draft
The U.S. became more and more involved in the war, so they became more dependent on the draft. However many men were exempt from the draft beacause of educational purposes. Leaving the African Americans to go in instead. People tried to aviod the draft at all costs. http://img2.imagesbn.com/p/9780807854365_p0_v1_s260x420.jpg -
The boricua movement
Expirencing problems from discrimination, Puerto Ricans from both the Island and the mainlands decided to take a stance. They wanted the Island independence, but that was impossible. So they converted to fight for better conditions. Many groups sprang up, such as the young lords and the taller boricua. They fought and slowly began to make a difference for themselves. http://libcom.org/files/images/history/younglordspic.jpg -
Campus violence
After the fire on a building at Kent State University, the governor sent the national guard to handle the protests. The antiwar activist began throwing rocks at them and the guards shot at them. They killed 4 people and injured 9. Jackson State College was the next place to have 2 shot and 9 students injured. Those killings made many more students and teachers go on strike. http://www.neontommy.com/sites/default/files/uploads/KENT%20STATE%204cs.jpg -
The new Black Power
With the blacks being able to do more politcally, it was very clear that the Black Power did not die. John Lewis, Freedom Rider and also part of sit in movement was elected to represent the people of Atlanta, Georgia in Congress. Andrew Young, close advisor of King and SCLC staff member, became Georgia's first African American on Congress. Others like them also began to take higher statuses http://www.uvu.edu/chss/studentengagement/images/Slide1.jpg -
Roe v. Wade
Another signifigant iaaue to the womena civil rights movements was the case Roe v, Wade. Not only did there stance do something, they actually won the case. The Court ruled the previous law against it, went aganist the constitution. Even though the women got what they wanted, many others were not happy with the results for all sorts of different reasons
(religious, morals, etc). http://25.media.tumblr.com/b04716a7715d43ca6437a4dac699562d/tumblr_mh0egyV6wm1r2r773o1_500.jpg -
A peace agreement
Nixon's attempt to persuade the North Vietnamese by ordering a massive bombing, he calls it off realizing that it did absolutly nothing to his favor. After that, all sides contuned to talk until finially North and South Vietnamese and the U.S. finally came to an agreeement. U.S would withdraw all troops and help pay the damage to Vietnam and then all sides would release the prisoners of the war. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hTZnSk6JRg0/TxXzEYbHc8I/AAAAAAAAGQ0/hdoh2b_9l5o/s400/PS_Peace.jpg -
The youth culture
The youth's numbers began to rise greater than before giving them more people to help make their cause rise. The children blamed their parents for the hard times and fears the entire nation was dealing with. Those fears made the children begin to make a difference. Date: On the Road release date (song from beat generation)
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