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The Turing test. Alan Turing introduced his paper "Computer Machinery and Intelligence." This is a test of a computers ability to exhibit the intelligence equivalent to that of humans. Alan Turing is considered to be the father of modern computing.
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The UNIVAC designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly was the first commercially available computer. First used by the US census Bureau.
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Whirlwind was a computer built by MIT for the US Navy. It was the first computer to use magnetic core memory, and interactive computing. Jay Forrester, a professor at MIT is credited as one of the inventors of magnetic core memory.
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Fortran was developed by IBM as the first high-level programming language. The team was led by John Backus. This language is still use today for numeric and scientific computing.
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The integrated circuit invented at Texas Instruments by Jack Kilby.
This would be the predecessor to the microprocessor similar to what you find in computers today.
