-
Great Britian - Women get limited voting.
The issue of votes for women, re-surfaced after World War I ended. Women had played their part in the factories and the movement started by Mrs. Pankhurst (shown left with her daughter in prison clothes after her arrest in 1914) led to a limited voting franchise for women in 1918. -
U.S.A - President Woodrow issues his 14 point peace.
-
Russia - Signs the treaty of brest Litovsk, which is a peace treaty between russia and central powers.
March 21 - Germany launches the Spring Offensive. April 21 - German flying ace, Baron Manfred von Richthofen (more commonly known as the Red Baron), is shot down. July 15 - The Second Battle of the Marne begins. November 9 - German Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates and flees German -
Spanish Flu
Spanish Flu 4 Mar 1918The Spanish flu was a pandemic that killed between 50 and 100 million people. It was caught by a bunch of soldiers fighting in WWI, and they returned home and spread it threw their home country, which is why it spread so quickly -
Germany - Germany launches the spring offensive.
-
Germany - Germanys flying sce manfred von richthofen is shot down.
-
Germany - Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates and flees germany.
-
Paris peace COnference
Paris Peace Conference18 Jan 1919The meeting of the Allied victors in WWI to set peace terms for Germany and other defeated nations, and to deal with the empires of the defeated powers following the Armistice of 1918. It took place in Paris and they had met in an attempt to form a lasting peace throughout the world. -
Britian, USA, France- Peace Conference.
January 18 Peace conference opens in Versailles. The main points are negotiated between David Lloyd George (Great Britain), Georges Clemenceau (France) and Woodrow Wilson (USA). -
The constitution of the League of Nations is accepted
April 29 The constitution of the League of Nations is accepted at the Parisienne peace conference and will be included into the peace treaties as Article 1-26. -
Treaty of Versailles.
The treaty of versailles was the end of germany. -
U.S.A- The Red scare.
-
U.S.A - The Jazz age.
-
U.S.A - Start of the prohibition.
-
U.S.A - Flapper Era
Flappers were a "new breed" of young Western women in the 1920s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptable behavior. Flappers were seen as brash for wearing excessive makeup, drinking, treating sex in a casual manner, smoking, driving automobiles and otherwise flouting social and sexual norms.[1] -
Italy - Period of National Fascist Party.
As such, the period was largely dominated by the National Fascist Party that emerged in Italy during the 1920s. -
Leage of nations
League of Nations16 Jan 1920Was established to prevent another war (after WWI) -
First meeting of the full assembly of the Leage of Nations
November 15 First meeting of the full assembly of the Leage of Nations in Geneva. The US does not enter the League. -
Period: to
Conference in Paris on reparations proceeds without participation of Germany.
january 24-29 Conference in Paris on reparations proceeds without participation of Germany. They decide that Germany has to pay 269 billion Goldmarks and, for 42 years,12% of the value of German exports (another some 1-2 Billions a year). This excluded any reparations that Russia might demand. German war expenses from 1914-18 amount to some 150 Billions. This money was collected mainly via war bonds and has to be repaid by the state to the population. -
Germany tries to negotiate
March 8 After Germany tries to negotiate the sum without success, parts of the Ruhr area are occupied by France. -
The German reparations are newly fixed to 132 Billion Goldmarks
April 27 The German reparations are newly fixed to 132 Billion Goldmarks, payable in 37 years. -
Germany agrees to the conditions.
May 1 Germany agrees to the conditions. The occupation of the Ruhr area continues. -
The US, not having signed the treaty of Versailles, makes there own treaty.
August 24/25 The US, not having signed the treaty of Versailles, makes its own peace treaty with Germany and Austria. -
Washington Conference on arms reduction successfully reduces the size of the US, British, Japanese, French and Italian fleets.
November 12 - Washington Conference on arms reduction successfully reduces the size of the US, British, Japanese, French and Italian fleets. The participants agree on a tonnage-ration of 5:5:3:1,75:1,75 and not to build any new capital ships. The "Open door policy" for China is concluded. -
Russia - Stalin starts office.
3 April 1922 – 16 October 1952 -
In the German-Soviet treaty of Rapallo both sides take up diplomatic relations and agree that any open questions resulting from the war are settled.
April 16 In the German-Soviet treaty of Rapallo both sides take up diplomatic relations and agree that any open questions resulting from the war are settled. With this the Sovietunion renounces any claims due to the Versailles-Treaty (article 116). This alienates France, which had planned to shift the huge Russian pre-war debts to France (which the Sovietunion simply did not acknowledge) upon Germany. -
The March on Rome
October 28 The March on Rome - In Italy the nationalist movement under Mussolini, disappointed with the results of the war for Italy, takes power. Fascism and Antifascism start to become competing ideologies. -
Great Britain the reparation comission decides that Germany has neglected its coal delivery.
January 9-11 Over the vote of Great Britain the reparation comission decides that Germany has neglected its coal delivery. France and Belgium decide to send some engineers to the Ruhr area to speed up the German deliveries. Five divisions with heavy weapons are sent with them for protection, the Occupation of the Rhineland. The US withdraws their troops from the still occupied areas of Germany. -
French occupation of ruhr
French occupation of Ruhr11 Jan 1923Germany defaulted its reparations to France, so the French moved in to occupy the Ruhr. -
German cancellor Cuno declares "passive resistance".
January 13 German cancellor Cuno declares "passive resistance". Strikes, riots and bloody clashes of the occupation troops with workers are common. The costs for this are mainly financed by printing bills in Germany. -
Chinese Exclution
Chinese Exclution1 Jul 1923The parliment of canada passed the act of banning most types of chinese immagrants. Most of the other countires were controlled and have ristricted in ways, but it happened to be that only the chinese were completely prohibited from immagrating. from 1923-1947 only 8 people had immagrated to canada. The chineses exclution act happened cause of the completion of the railway, people were scared cause the chinese might take over their jobs, since they were used to the -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Chinese Exclusion act1 Jul 1923The Chinese exclusion act was that was passed by the parliment of Canada, that banned most forms of Chinese imigration to Canada. The only Chinese people that were allowed in the country were:-Merchants-Diplomats-Foreign students-Special circumstance granted by the Minister of Immigration -
New cancellor Gustav Streseman ends the passive resistance.
September 26 New cancellor Gustav Streseman ends the passive resistance. The German Reich has reached it's economic and financial breaking point. -
With French support, separatists try to declare an independent "Rhine Republic" in Aachen.
October 21 With French support, separatists try to declare an independent "Rhine Republic" in Aachen. The plan fails due to resistance by the population and the British disapproval. -
With French support, separatists try to declare an independet "Autonomous Pfalz" in Speyer.
October 24 With French support, separatists try to declare an independet "Autonomous Pfalz" in Speyer. With strong support from the French military, they manage to hold on for some time. Eventually the plan fails due to resistance of the population and the British disapproval. Bavaria declared martial law to counter this autonomy movement. President Ebert declared martial law in Germany to keep control of Bavaria. -
Beer Hall Putsch
Beer Hall Putsch8 Nov 1923Early Nazi attempt to seize power in Germany -
The Beerhall Putch of Hitler.
November 9 The Beerhall Putch of Hitler. Despite the fact that Ludendorf takes part, police and Reichswehr do not support the putch but activley suppress it. The executive power is given by president Ebert to General von Seeckt. Germany becomes de jure a military government, but von Seeckt does not misuse his power. Hitler is arrested and sentenced to fortress prison (which means without loss of honour). He is imprisoned at Landsberg where he writes "Mein Kampf". Six days after the putch a ref -
The Dawes Plan
April 9 The Dawes Plan is put forward to stabilize the economic situation in Europe, to enable the Germans to pay their reparations and the Allies to pay their debts to the US. It sets an upper limit for payment of reparations and limits the time to 37 years. The Motto is "Business, not politics". -
Dawes Plam
Dawes Plan13 Aug 1924Financial aid offered to Germany by the US for assisting in restructuring of reparation payments after WWI in loans. -
Locarno Treaties
Locarno Treaties16 Oct 1925Agreement defining Germany's western borders with France and Belgium with Britain and Italy as guarantors. -
Germany enters the League of Nations.
September 8 Germany enters the League of Nations. The vote is unanimous. -
obel Peace Prize is shared by Gustav Stresemann of Germany
December 10 Nobel Peace Prize is shared by Gustav Stresemann of Germany and Aristide Briand of France. The next years prize is also shared by a German-French pair (L.Quidde and F. Buisson). -
Great Britain - Full equality for men.
The issue of votes for women, re-surfaced after World War I ended. Women had played their part in the factories and the movement started by Mrs. Pankhurst (shown left with her daughter in prison clothes after her arrest in 1914) led to a limited voting franchise for women in 1918, and full equality with men in 1928. -
The Kellogg-Briand Pact is signed
August 27 The Kellogg-Briand Pact is signed by 15 Nations, 39 more until the end of 29. It bans war as a tool to solve international conflicts. -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Kellogg-Briand Pact27 Aug 1928Renounces aggresive war but offended no one or had any machinery of enforcementIllusion of peace and security. -
Litinow-protocol. A non-aggression pact between the Soviet-Union, Rumania, Poland Lithuania and Estonia.
February 9 Litinow-protocol. A non-aggression pact between the Soviet-Union, Rumania, Poland Lithuania and Estonia. -
Aristide Briand of France proposes a plan for the United States of Europe.
September 5 Aristide Briand of France proposes a plan for the United States of Europe. -
Black Friday
October 25 Black Friday on the stock exchance of New York starts the world economic crisis. -
Black Tuesday
Black Tuesday29 Oct 1929Canada had a sreong economy, but when the world balance changed, it dragged Canada strait into the great depression on october 29th, 1929. More info -
U.S.A - Wall Street Crash
-
Second Hague Conference.
January 3-20 Second Hague Conference. The Young Plan is signed. -
Prime Minister
Prime Minister8 Jul 1930R.B. Bennett (priminister) was a successful Canadian lawyer, businessman, and politician. Born on July 3rd, 1870-June 26, 1947. Bennett was the 11th Prime Minister of Canada, this was the worst of the Great Depression years. He was elected to the House of Commons in 1911 and became Conservative leader in 1927. Winning the federal election of 1930, after Bennett tried to fight the depression . He attempted to expand trade within the British Empire. -
Japan occupies Mukden and other places in Manchuko.
september 18 Japan occupies Mukden and other places in Manchuko. War between Japan and China begins. -
The bank of England drops the gold standard.
September 21 The bank of England drops the gold standard. -
The League sends a commission to investigate the Japanese/Chinese conflict.
December 10 The League sends a commission to investigate the Japanese/Chinese conflict. -
Japan creates the "independent" state of Mandchuko
February 18 Japan creates the "independent" state of Mandchuko (under Japanese protection). -
On a conference in Lausanne the major powers acknowledge Germanys equal rights in (re)armament.
December 11 On a conference in Lausanne the major powers acknowledge Germanys equal rights in (re)armament. -
Lytton Report on the conflict between China and Japan accuses Japan of being the aggressor.
September 4 Lytton Report on the conflict between China and Japan accuses Japan of being the aggressor. Japanese special interests are acknowledged and it proposes to make Manchuko a autonomous part of China under Japanese control. -
Poland, Germany - The start of the holocaust
-
Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor
1933 January 30 Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of the German Reich. -
Period: to
Second internalional conference on disarmament.
February 2 -
October 14 Second internalional conference on disarmament. ends without results. It tries to limit the army size of the major powers, while Germany is entitled to 200.000 man. Germany leaves the conference because a new plan postpones the limitations for four years. In reference to the Lausanne conference Germany starts a limited rearmament. The conference ends without any results. -
U.S.A - Roosevelt becomes President
-
Hitler rises to dictatorship
Hitler rises to dictatorship23 Mar 1933On March 23, the newly elected Reichstag met in the Kroll Opera House in Berlin to consider passing Hitler's Enabling Act. It was officially called the "Law for Removing the Distress of the People and the Reich." Hitler needed 31 non-Nazi votes to pass it. He got those votes from the Catholic Center Party after making a false promise to restore some basic rights already taken by decree. -
Japan leaves the League of Nation as a reaction on the Lytton-report (resolution from Febr. 25).
March 25 Japan leaves the League of Nation as a reaction on the Lytton-report (resolution from Febr. 25). The lack of consequences demonstrates the weakness of the League against a determined aggressor. -
A pact between France, Germany, Great Britain and Italy is signed.
July 15 A pact between France, Germany, Great Britain and Italy is signed. -
Germany leaves the Leage of Nations
October 14 Germany leaves the Leage of Nations -
Germany withdraws from the league of nations
Germany Withdraws from the League of Nations21 Oct 1933Begins the process of rearmament -
Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland.
january 24 Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland. -
French note to Great-Britain about Germanys violation of the Versailles treaty due to its raised arms etat.
Arpil 22 French note to Great-Britain about Germanys violation of the Versailles treaty due to its raised arms etat. In the consequence France looks for allies in the east, especially the Soviet-Union. -
Night of long knifes
"Night of the Long Knives"30 Jun 1934Hitler eliminates his former political allies -
Germany - Hitlers in office.
2 August 1934 – 30 April 1945 -
The Soviet-Union enters the League of Nations
September 18 The Soviet-Union enters the League of Nations -
Hitler Re-arms Germany
Adolf Hitler rebuilt germany's armed forces1 Jan 1935Recieved widespread approval for his actions when he rebuilt Germany's armed forces. -
French-Soviet pact, effective for five years, for mutual help in the case of an attack by an European nation.
May 2 French-Soviet pact, effective for five years, for mutual help in the case of an attack by an European nation. -
German troops enter the Rhineland.
March 7 German troops enter the Rhineland. The western democracies take no action, the League protests the violation of the Versailles treaty. -
Germany denounces any arms restrictions of the Versailles treaty and introduces the enlistment.
March 16 Germany denounces any arms restrictions of the Versailles treaty and introduces the enlistment. -
The League of Nations condemns the German violation of the Versailles treaty. No action is taken.
April 17 The League of Nations condemns the German violation of the Versailles treaty. No action is taken. -
Soviet-Czechoslovakian pact, valid only if France supports both parties.
May 16 Soviet-Czechoslovakian pact, valid only if France supports both parties. -
German-British Fleet agreement
June 18 German-British Fleet agreement. The German fleet is set to 35% of the British. This supports the revision of the Versailles treaty and leads to some discomfort between France and Great Britain. -
The Nuremberg racial laws
September 15 The Nuremberg racial laws ("The law to protect German Blood and German Honour") are promulgated. -
Italy invades Abessinia.
October 3 Italy invades Abessinia. -
Italy invades Ethiopia
Italy Invades Ethiopia3 Oct 1935Defies the League of NationsRevenge for 1896 -
Ethiopia invaded by italy
Ethiopia invaded by Italy 3 Oct 1935Ethiopia (Abyssinia), which Italy had unsuccessfully tried to conquer in the 1890s, was in 1934 one of the few independent states in a European-dominated Africa. A border incident between Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland that December gave Benito Mussolini an excuse to intervene. Rejecting all arbitration offers, the Italians invaded Ethiopia on Oct. 3, 1935. -
The League of Nations condemns Italys aggression and imposes an embargo on weapons, credit and raw materials
October 11 The League of Nations condemns Italys aggression and imposes an embargo on weapons, credit and raw materials. This remains ineffective due to a very lenient position of France and Great Britain and open support by Germany. -
Reestablishment of the French-Belgian military pact.
March 7 Reestablishment of the French-Belgian military pact. -
Rhineland Reoccupied by hitler
Rhineland reoccupied by Hitler7 Mar 1936On March 7, 1936 a small contingent of German troops, increased considerably in number in the following days, marched into the Rhineland demilitarized zone bordering France. Hitler's excuse (as if he needed one) was the ratification one month earlier of a mutual assistance pact between France and Russia that he chose to regard as directed against Germany. -
With the occupation of Abessinia complete
Jule 4 With the occupation of Abessinia complete, the League ends its sanctions against Italy. -
The Spanish Civil War starts.
Jule 18 The Spanish Civil War starts. With German and Italian support, General Franco manages to put up a nationalist front. The Republican government (Peoples Front) is strongly supported and later controlled by the Soviet Union. -
German-Italian treaty between Rome and Berlin
October 25 German-Italian treaty between Rome and Berlin (the Axis). -
Anticomintern Pact between Germany and Japan
November 25 Anticomintern Pact between Germany and Japan. Italy enters a year later. -
German troops enter Austria
March 12 German troops enter Austria which is annexed one day later. -
Germany Bombs Spain.
Germany Bombs Spanish Town of Guernica26 Apr 1937 -
the Japanese Chinese war is renewed.
July 7 The Japanese Chinese war is renewed. -
Munich Conference
September 29 Munich Conference. Hitler assures the world that this is his last territorial demand. British Prime Minister Chamberlain and French Premier Daladier cede Czech territories to Germany, Poland and Hungary. -
Roosevelt renounces the neutrality policy towards Japan
October 5 Roosevelt renounces the neutrality policy towards Japan -
Italy leaves the League of Nations.
December 11 Italy leaves the League of Nations. -
Slovakia and Carpatho-Ukraine declare independency from Czechoslovakia (strongly encouraged by the Axis-countries).
March 14 Slovakia and Carpatho-Ukraine declare independency from Czechoslovakia (strongly encouraged by the Axis-countries). A day later, German troops occupy the rest of the state. -
Armistice declared between Japan and the Soviet Union after outbreak of border fighting.
August 12 Armistice declared between Japan and the Soviet Union after outbreak of border fighting. -
Reichskristallnacht" in Germany.
November 9 "Reichskristallnacht" in Germany. In an organized progrom, most Synagogues are ravaged and many jews are killed. -
nited States begins serious preparations for war.
March 15 United States begins serious preparations for war. -
Germany Invades Czechoslovakia
Germany Invades Czechoslovakia15 Mar 1939Hitler double-crosses ChamberlainNo Czech resistance -
HItler Demands the port City of danzig in poland
Hitler Demands the Port City of Danzig in Poland22 Mar 1939Claims poor treatment of ethnic Germans by PolesBritain "draws a line in the sand"Hitler does not want a war on two fronts -
German expansion in Czechoslavakia,
April 7 As a compensation for the German expansion in Czechoslavakia, Italy occupies Albania. -
The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance
April 18 The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland. The consulations are unproductive. -
Japanese attack on disputed border areas is renewed between Japanese and Soviets.
May 11 Japanese attack on disputed border areas is renewed between Japanese and Soviets. Japanese are eventually heavily defeated. -
S.S st louis
S.S St. Louis27 May 1939The S.S St.Lous was a ship with 937 Jews headed for cuba, all with valid Cuban visas. All these Jews were trying to run away from Germany because of the fear of getting killed by Hitler. The S.S St.Louis wasent aloud in Cuba, and couldent get into America, so it eventually tried Canada. "none is too many" Frederick Blair quoted after rejected them out of Canada. Luckily Britain, Belgium, Holland and France took them in. -
German-Russian non-agression pact.
August 23 German-Russian non-agression pact. A secret protocol divides Europe into spheres of influence. -
A full British-Polish military alliance is formed.
August 25 A full British-Polish military alliance is formed. Great Britain guarantees Polands security. -
Germany - Invasion of poland.
-
World War Two begins
September 1 World War Two begins with the German attack on Poland -
France, Great Britain and the Commonwealth countries declare war upon Germany.
September 3 France, Great Britain and the Commonwealth countries declare war upon Germany. -
Soviets and Japanese sign another armistice on Manchurian border.
September 15 Soviets and Japanese sign another armistice on Manchurian border. This frees the Soviets to move troops to the west. -
Soviet troops enter Poland and advance to the demarcation-line.
September 17 Soviet troops enter Poland and advance to the demarcation-line. -
Poland is dismembered.
September 25 Poland is dismembered. Large parts of it are incorporated into Germany or the Soviet Union. The remainder on the German side with the core of the old Polish lands become the "Generalgouvernement". From the start, the German government systematically tries to eliminate the polish intelligentsia and educated classes. -
An assassination attempt of Elser on Hitler fails.
November 8 An assassination attempt of Elser on Hitler fails. One of the consequences is that another attempt planned by the recistance movement has to be cancelled. -
The Soviet-Finnish winterwar starts.
November 30 The Soviet-Finnish winterwar starts. Eventually Finlands forces are worn down and Finland capitulates.
