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Period: 20,000 BCE to
Beginnings to exploration
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2500 BCE
Mesoamerican ballgame.
The Mesoamerican ballgame was the most famous sport ever played by every civilization in the Mesoamerican continent. Apparently, it was not about winning or losing, it was about fighting for your life. The rules were simple, you lose, you die, and if you win, you live, therefore, the Mesoamerican ballgame is consider a religious ritual because losers were sacrifice to the gods. As it continue to be played, it became an exported sport due to the reason that it was being played internationally. -
2500 BCE
Bloodletting
During the early civilizations in Mesoamerica, The early civilizations adore different gods due to the reason that apparently, they were the ones who contributed to the grow of their crops and the continuing of the earth existence. In order for them to continue helping the crops grow excellent, they needed to be happy, but the early civilizations had to sacrifice people to keep them happy. They ripped people's heart out while they were still alive in certain occasions and offer it to the gods. -
1500 BCE
The Caste System.
During the early times of 1500 BC, civilizations were separated by their ranks under a system called " The caste System" The highest superior rank of all were the priests, and academic. The second was warriors and kings. Third was merchants, landowners. Fourth was commoner, peasants, and servants and at the end of all the most inferior rank of all, the untouchables, which consisted of street sweepers, latrines cleaners and other people who perform this miserable task in society during 1500 BC. -
1492 BCE
The First Wave.
In 1942, Christopher Columbus decided to part away from Port of Palos which belongs to Spain, with the intentions of finding the most precious wanted land which is the continent of Asia. Christopher Columbus traveled with his men's in three ships which is "The Nina, The Pinta, and Santa Maria". Unfortunately, Christopher Columbus failed to reach the Asian continent, but instead he found The Bahamas which he later named "San Salvador". He return with local natives and gold back to Spain -
1325 BCE
Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan was a very important city for the Aztecs civilizations. It was the capital of the strongest empire ever flourished on Mexico and it was the only place where their leader was allow to live no other Aztec member was allow to live in the capital city rather than their leader which was their powerful leader known as Montezuma. Many Sacrifices were perform to the God's in the capital city to reinforce the relationship between the Aztecs and the God's so the could earth continue to exist. -
1300 BCE
Pueblo Anasazi.
The Pueblo Anasazi was a Native American civilizations that expanded across the United States of America. They were best known for the products they reproduce by using their incredibly useful talent of agriculture. They lived in Arizona in permanent settlement in the high levels of the mountains and build their house which they currently exist today. They were professionally expert farmers that produce products even at harsh conditions that were present in the high levels of their settlements. -
1000 BCE
Pyramids.
The civilizations in Mesoamerica built pyramids for many different purposes. The main purpose of the pyramids were to serve as temples for the god's. The early civilizations used to made sacrifices to the god's, so they will remain producing good crops and keep the earth going. According to the Mayas, the gods like the sun were the ones responsible for making the crops grow good or bad which is the reason why they made human sacrifices to offer them a better friendship and reinforce their bond. -
449 BCE
Roman Law.
The Roman Law was a system of rules established in 449 BC until 529 AD. It had to be respected and follow by the Roman citizens mandatory and It flourished from the concept of the twelve tables and was establish by the famous and incredible emperor Justinian the first. It was also known as subsidiary law and was apply to criminals often unless the criminal was excluded by local provisions. The law was boned primarily to religion and was made to create conservatism among the Roman population. -
476
Catholic Church.
During the Dark Ages, the Catholic Church was extremely high corrupt. The Church was considered the maximum authority. Due to the high access to power the Catholic church had internationally, they started creating their own false rules because they were never created by God or be written in the bible for example the sale of indulgences. Many people broke out of the church because the originally Catholic Church was highly corrupt and many other religions emerge of out of this catastrophe. -
1066
Feudalism.
The Feudalism system is based on economic dictatorship that rule over Medieval Europe. If a person was born poor, that person would stay poor for the entire life. in Feudalism, Nobody could move up in economic terms neither move down in society. The lowest class were dedicated to serve their lord as any way the lord pleased to be serve. Those who were born as descendant over the category of soldiers, they grew up learning military tactics and could not have other career rather than the military. -
1096
The Crusades.
The Crusades were several events of religious wars that occurred between Christians and Muslims to obtain control of the holy land were Jesus Christ stepped on earth. Christians did not wanted Muslims to have control over the holy land because according to their point of view, the only religion that was acceptable was Christianity because Muslims were a completely fraud. It was an extremely bloody war that resulted in many deaths as well as the spread of Christianity over the majority of Europe. -
1300
The Renaissance.
After the dark period of Europe which is consider as the "Dark Ages" Europe started to become stable again. The renaissance is a constructive period that provided the advancement of technology, art, literature, political, economic rebirth and the increasement of free thinkers (Phylo). The renaissance helped Europe become stable again and increase the level of education of many citizens because it taught them even how to write and read and helped with the economic growth of the entire continent. -
1400
The Black Death
During the 14th century in Europe, many catastrophes occurred that killed many people in the entire continent of Europe. Many plagues emerge due to unsanitary conditions that Europeans contain, they did not wash their hands before eating and all of those unsanitary actions led to big plagues that caused the lives of many Europeans. Rats was accused of being one of the animals that was responsible to many diseases and end up killing many Europeans. The black plague was spread throughout trade. -
1400
Science.
Before the Enlightenment, science was based on religion. The Catholic Church was the most advance in terms of science and authority. They wrongly told people the earth was the center of the universe and that every planet and even the sun rotated around the earth. After the Enlightenment, those theories were discard since scientist created a telescope and found out that the sun is actually the center. Science grew much more and got involved with the human body, Universe, and how things work. -
1420
Rats/fleas.
the two animals rats/fleas were spread throughout the entire continent through the often usual trade system. They were first spread in the black sea, but as trade continued to increase they spread throughout the entire continent of Europe. Rats and fleas created a massive plague of diseases that killed many Europeans and the way they spread it is that rats and fleas touched other peoples food and when people ate it, they got infected due to the unsanitary conditions and virus rats live on. -
1440
Printing Press.
During the Renaissance, many new advanced technology was invented that helped people make their necessities easier to do. The Renaissance is responsible for bringing the economy, education, and countries well again after the dark ages, one of the inventions that helped many people was the printing press which is a printer, they made newspaper easier to do and it even helped the Enlightenment occurred. Martin Luther used the printing press to post new rules in the church which is the 95 thesis. -
1460
Indulgences.
When the Catholic Church govern the world, they became very corrupt due to their access to an extremely high power, they started doing things that would benefit them and went over the authority of God. They used God and his paradise to do things that would benefit them for example the sell of Indulgences. The Catholic church gave access to people to enter heaven, but they had to buy it from the Catholic Church. A while later it was proved that forgiveness couldn't be sell, but rather obtain. -
1492
Caribbean Colonies.
After the establishment of Europeans in the American continent. They started implanting colonies in America as a way of establishment. Among these colonies, the Caribbean colonies were considered the most important ones out of all because that's were the economy of the colonies relied on. In the Caribbean colonies, they had sugar plantations, tobacco plantations and others were slaves were used to work in this plantations as a way to reduce labor payment and increase the economy of the colonies. -
1492
Amerigo Vespucci
Amerigo Vespucci, born in March 9, 1454 in Italy. He dedicated his entire life to exploration, he was a great explorer that helped Columbus explore the Americas. Amerigo Vespucci is well known for discovering South America and due to his discovery the continent was named after him although is kind of strange how the continent was not named after Christopher Columbus considering that he was the first one to step into Native's lands according to history. Amerigo Vespucci died in February 22, 1512. -
1493
The Second Voyage.
On September 24, 1493, Christopher Columbus left Cadiz, Spain with 17 ships and over 1,000 men, with the intentions of colonizing the land found in the first voyage, convert the natives to Christianity, establish a trading post, and continue with the search of a route from Europe to the mysterious continent of Asia. When they arrived to the Caribbean, Columbus name all the little islands. Columbus brought back slaves, horses, sheep, cattle and the first step to colonization in the new world. -
1493
The Introduction of Horses
After the new and old world collide native Americans did not knew at all about horses. When Spaniards introduced horses to Native Americans, they fear them because they thought they were very dangerous beast used for combat. As time evolved, they became a primarily resource for the civilization of Mesoamerica because it helped them with trade, transportation, and mass production. Horses became very useful for new civilizations and helped the increasement of advancement in trade and production. -
1498
The Third Voyage
In May, 1498, Columbus part away from Spain with the strictly orders of the queen to take six ships with him, resupply the colonies, and continue to search for a trading route with the orient. Three ships took care of the immediately needed supplies and the other group continues the search. The colonies were angry with Columbus and later on he was imprisoned in Spain due to poor governance and abuse of natives. Columbus also found new islands as he continue to explore the south part of America. -
1500
Slaves.
Europeans considered Africans inferior due to their color and their poor knowledge of advanced technology. Ever since America was discovered, Africans have been used as slaves workers for whites to increase mass production for whites. They were used in plantations of tobacco, and other different plantation that develop over time. Slaves were used until 1863 which was when the civil war in America ended. Slaves were the main caused of the civil war as well as the main raisers of Americas economy. -
1517
95 Thesis.
When the church was highly corrupt by their leaders, the 95 thesis were written by a philosopher named Martin Luther. The 95 Thesis contains new rules and ideas about the how the world and the church should be govern. Martin Luther argues that the sell of indulgences was completely wrong, but later was punish because the sell of indulgences were the most common thing that kept on providing money for the corrupt church. They promoted the creation of opposing religions against the catholic church. -
1519
Spanish Advantages.
When the Spaniards came to the new world to conquer the land of Natives, they had many advantages over them due to the poor knowledge and advancement of technology the Natives had. The Spaniards had horses, better guns, and a stronger military power over the Indians. The horses were the strongest weapon Spaniards could used against the Indians due to the fear they had towards the horse because they thought they were beasts and also because they were really fast which contribute to their victory. -
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English colonial societies
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Croatoan
During the periods of colonization in America. Europeans remain trying to establish new colonies in the discovered continent. Among all the first colonies, Croatoan is the most mysterious. One day, Europeans establish a colony named Croatoan and several days later, the founder of the colony decided to leave back to Britain to report the current status of the colony, but when he came back, he did not found any survivor. The only thing he found was the word Croatoan written with blood in a tree. -
Conflict With Natives.
After the thirteen colonies were establish, several decades later future presidents bought land from other country where Natives inhabited the land for example Louisiana. When President Thomas Jefferson bought Louisiana from France, they had to make their way through their new territory slowly and careful because Native Indians that lived their did not liked Europeans at all and it was really dangerous for them to try to establish their people in their new territory that was bought from France. -
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Colonial America to 1763.
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John Calvin.
John Calvin was a philosopher who created its own religion after many people broke-away from the catholic church due to their corruption, he decided to break-away from the church as well and create his own religion called predestination. John Calvin's religion was based on the belief that god had created a destiny for every single living thing that is part of his creation, he believes that before people is even born, he has already written whether they will achieve salvation or damnation. -
Head-right system
When the Tobacco was produced as the first precious product in the new colonies, new workers were needed to keep on producing more tobacco and also to populate the new colonies and keep them stable. Due to the shortage labor that existed in the new colonies, they decided to come up with a new law to attract people from Europe to come to the new world and settle in the new colonies. They promise them that they were going to be given 50-acres of land to anyone who could pay their way to Virginia. -
The Mayflower Compact.
The Mayflower Compact is the first written document establish in the religious free colony in America which was in Plymouth. The Mayflower Compact consist of rules to govern the new colony established by Puritans who crossed the Atlantic Ocean seeking freedom from the religious persecutions made towards them from the king James of England. The rules were primary based on allowing any person from any country who is escaping religious persecutions or unfair actions against them to be able to stay. -
The New Hampshire Colony.
The Colony Hampshire, established by John Mason in 1629 from the mother country England. They had several difficulties before it became consider as one of the first successful colonies in the new continent. They had issue with agriculture due to their kind of soil, it was hard for them to plant, but it was really easy for them to fish and create their houses since it was surrounded by many rivers and many trees, but due to their weather sometimes being surrounded by water was catastrophic -
Puritans.
The puritans were a very religious group who are consider the founders of the Plymouth colony. They believe that god had made an agreement with them to re-establish the Anglican church and lived their lives according to the rules of the written scriptures left behind by Jesus, by the time when the Anglicans and Catholics had issues over religious power, some of them flew from England to the colony they have made as a refugee for those who are escaping religious persecutions and others etc. -
Plymouth Colony.
During the years of 1600's, there was a religious conflict happening in England between Anglicans and Catholics. Many people were affected by this war and some of them were innocents that lost their life because they believed in a different religious system than the opposing religious group. Due to this conflict many of them came to the America to settle and escape from religious persecutions and formed their own colony that served a refugee for people that were persecuted due to their religion. -
Triangular Trade.
After the establishment of Europeans in America, they started trading raw materials and slaves between the old and new world. The Old world transported slaves to the plantations in America, America transported goods to the old world and the old world would transport materials to Africa as an exchange for slaves. Among this trade, the slave passage occurred which is when thousands of slaves were transported across the Atlantic Ocean and many of them died due to the harsh conditions and treatment. -
New York and New Jersey.
Among the colonies, New York and New Jersey were the main important for Great Britain all the time due to their location. New York and New Jersey were surrounded by water which means they were the main colonies that had more access to trade with the different nations. The two colonies were the most productive for the mother land which was Great Britain and that is the reason why during the war when the colonies fought for their independence, it was very important to take over this two colonies. -
Nathaniel Bacon.
Nathaniel Bacon originally from the colony of Virginia, he is well know for the slave rebellion he provoked in 1676. He persuaded a great amount of slaves to rebel themselves against their owner because they deserved to be equality. Nathaniel Bacon was an abolitionist of Slavery which is the reason why he provoked the slave rebellion because he thought he could contributed to end slavery only if he would make slaves rebel against their owner. His rebellion later fell after he died of Dysentery. -
William Penn.
William Penn an English writer who established the colony of Pennsylvania (The house of witches). William Penn was a very strictly believer in the religion of Quakers (The religion of friends) and helped spread the practice of the religion of Quakers around the colony he founded in 1786 which is Pennsylvania. He was a very smart and educated men because he went to school to learn how to read and write, but had a bad reputation in England for resisting to be part of the England Church (Catholic) -
Salem Witch Trials.
Among the population of the early Massachusetts, there were practitioners of black magic. They were often old ladies with tremendous powers that could turn things around as the way they wanted things to be. They kidnapped kids, sacrifice animals and robbed precious items of people to use it in their rituals. After this incidents, many citizens decided to track them down and killed them, but the only way they could be killed was by burning them and even books on how to hunt witches were created. -
French Relationship with Natives.
During the time periods of colonization. There was three different nations that invaded America; Britain, Spain and France. Among the three nations, France had the best relationship with the Native Americans because they were the only nation that did not demanded them to convert to Catholicism or do other things that were not part of their culture. Spain and Britain often demanded them to do certain things that was against their culture or religion which is the major reason why they hated them. -
Upper south during slaver.
During the industrial revolution the south was the least advance in technology out of the entire country, they based on agricultural which is the reason why they had the greatest amount of slaves to work on the plantations. Owners of slaves usually had a great amount of slaves specially the planters which is how people called the richest white people in the south.The South used their slaves to work on extremely hard conditions and that is the primary reasons why many slaves ran to the north. -
Taxation without Representation.
Before the war for independence began between the Britain empire and the thirteen colonies, the major issue that promoted this war to began was the unfair taxation of the parliament without providing a representation for colonies inside of the parliament. Many citizens from the colonies thought it was unfair to be taxed and receive no representation in a parliament where they give their taxes to. The colonist felt isolated and sincerely ignored since their opinion did not count in parliament. -
Tobacco.
After the periods of colonization, Tobacco was known as the most precious item ever existed around the world. Europeans created plantations of Tobacco throughout all America because it was like gold back in the periods of colonization. Slaves were the main workers that kept on working on the tobacco plantations. There many plantations around America such as the one in the Caribbean Island, South America and even in Central America.Tobacco became to be consider as the most precious in the world. -
Virtual Representation.
During the periods when Great Britain owned the thirteen colonies who later became independent, they taxed the colonies and they never allowed the people they choose to be in the parliament which is the reason why they felt that their rights were taken away from them. They consider this actions unfair and called them taxation without representation, but they refuse to pay taxes if they were not going to be represented by the elected people to be in the parliament representing the colonies. -
The Great Awakening.
After all the controversial forces that worked against the catholic church due to their corruption, everyone separated themselves from religions and kind of went on their own way without believing in God. Due to the poor fear people had towards religion, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards and others went around the Britain colonies preaching to people about God and told them about heaven and hell which got them to believe in God again which is the reason why is consider the angelical revival. -
Quakers.
The Quakers believed in an extremely social environment which is the major reason why they are consider as the religious group of friends. They believed that God has a separate plan for each person which is the reason why God manifest his orders to each person individually. Some Quakers were persecute due to their religion and that is why the majority crossed the Atlantic Ocean heading towards the American continent seeking freedom and refugee inside of the religious colony the Plymouth. -
French and Indian War.
The French and Indian war was a war fought between the French and the colonies of Great Britain. Both Nations wanted to expand their towards west because they wanted to increase their size, but as they headed west, they collide with each other and fought for Ohio. Indians helped the French fight the war because they had a better relationship with the French, but Britain won. Americans were angry after the war because they were not allowed to lived in the new gained territory because of Indians. -
Guerrilla Warfare.
During the fight of the colonies trying to obtain freedom from Great Britain, the General and president George Washington used different tactics to used against the British arrny which helped him win the impossible war against Great Britain. The Americans used the tactic know as the Guerrilla Warfare which is similar to the Natives system of fighting, it consist of hiding on the trees and rocks and wait for the army to pass by so they could attack them while not being ready to respond back. -
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The American Industrial Revolution.
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Revolutionary War
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Declaratory Act
The Declaratory Act was imposed by the colonies of Great Britain that inhabit the American continent. Many citizens from the thirteen colonies of Great Britain were totally against all the acts Great Britain passed down to impose taxes on the thirteen colonies which is what guide them to introduce the declaratory act. The declaratory act demands and repeals the stamp act of 1765 and the changing and lessening of the sugar act in the colonies of Great Britain from the American continent. -
Townshend Act.
When Great Britain had possess of the thirteen colonies, they started taxing products and business so that way the mother country could only get more wealthier from the poor colonies. They came up with the idea of importing taxes on any product that is exported or imported to the thirteen colonies or from the thirteen colonies. The colonies consider it as an abuse of power because they did not have representation in parliament which is why they refuse to pay any taxes to the tax collectors. -
Boston Massacre.
Before the Revolutionary war between the thirteen colonies and the Britain empire which gave the independence to the colonies from Great Britain, there was many differences between the colonies and the Britain parliament. One day in Boston a couple of British soldiers were standing guarding the area when a protest approached to them highly insulting and threw stuff to their faces. One of the soldiers got really mad and started shooting his gun to the crow and all the other soldiers followed. -
coercive acts.
Before the revolution of the thirteen colonies which declare them independent from the tremendous Great Britain. The parliament of the British empire imposed a series of law regarding to the Boston Tea party. After the Boston Tea party, the parliament imposed certain acts such as the stamp act, the Tea act, and the Sugar Tea as a punishment and as a way for the British colonies to pay for all the Tea they supposedly threw to the ocean. They all require to pay taxes for technically anything. -
July 4th significance.
Originally even in today's time we celebrate the independence of the thirteen colonies as well as the victory of the Revolutionary war in July 4th every year consecutively. The actual day when the Declaration of Independence was created and presented to the Great Britain was in July 2th, but the reason why we celebrate the independence of America in the fourth is because the Declaration of Independence was not signed until July 4th by the Founder Fathers who fought in the Revolutionary war. -
July 2th.
In the year when the revolutionary war ended which is in 1776, the Declaration of Independence was created during a secret meeting the founder fathers had to come up with the laws and codes that were going to be written in the statement that was going to freed them from Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence was actually created in 1776, July 2nd, but the reason why American's celebrate in July 4th is because the Declaration of Independence was signed and presented to Britain in July 4th -
The Battle of Saratoga.
The Battle of Saratoga is the most famous battle from the Revolutionary war between the colonies and the Britain Empire. The reason why the battle of Saratoga is important because it contributed to the build up of self-stem in the soldiers of the colonies since it was the turning point of the war and turned the things around in favor of the colonies. George Washington was the general of the army from the colonies and he used the Guerrilla tactic to beat the Britain Empire while in disadvantage. -
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Westward Expansion.
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Shay's Rebellion.
After the independence of the thirteen colonies from the Great Britain, the new government leading the new nation was in totally bankrupt due to all the money on supplies they spend as they fought for their independence. Due to the economic difficulties, they decided to tax certain products that were produced by farmers which highly affected all the farmers. Daniel Shays (a farmer) lead an army to protest against the government for all the unfair actions they did against the all the farmers. -
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The constitution
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George Washington.
George Washington has been consider as the greatest and most respected president of all times. During the war against the mother country Great Britain, George Washington won everyone's respect due to his expert abilities to lead soldiers and control situations in harsh conditions which is mainly the primary reason why George Washington was nominate by the people to become the president of the new nation. George Washington proved to be a great leader by stopping the Shay's Rebellion and others. -
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New Republic.
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13th Amendment
The thirteen Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America denies anyone to condemn any citizen to become a work slave in plantations as a punishment for their race or due to their religion. The thirteen Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America favor all African Americans that were previously slaves in the South and North, but it discontent many own slaves since they had to free all of their workers. Many white people violently denied their privileged. -
14th Amendment.
The fourteen Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America provides the right for anyone that is born inside of the United States of America the right to claim their citizenship without any complications neither run the risk to experience an immigration process which could denied their legal status inside of the United States of America. The fourteen amendment favor all Africans to become Americans which constantly discontent many white southerners and certain white Northerners. -
15th Amendment.
The fifthteen amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America gives finally the right for African Americas to be count during presidential elections and debates where they need the opinion of the citizens. The fifteen amendment gave the right for all African Americans to have the right to vote whenever their opinion is really consider necessary over any debate or presidential elections. Although many southerners took advantage of those who could not read to favor white Southerner -
The Second Great Awakening.
The Second Great Awakening happen during the 17th century and it was all based on religion. After the issues that happened during the the times of war that brought down the United States, some people thought that they had stepped farther away from God which is why all the past catastrophes had occurred in the United States. Some people decided to start preaching and traveling around the United States spreading the word of the almighty God around states to revive the concept of evangelicalism. -
The National Bank.
After the war, the country had been seriously damaged and the result of this catastrophe is that the first National Bank was created to save other's money and pay off the debt. The first National Bank of the United States was built in Philadelphia since it was the capital of the United States back then and Alexander Hamilton is responsible for it. The National Bank created a national currency, it helped the country after the war for independence to raise the economy of the United States as well. -
The North during slavery.
the North had the greatest advancements on technology during the times of industrialization which happened in the 18 century. Slaves were used to work in factories, but they were not treated as bad as they were treated in the South. In the North, slaves worked from a certain time to another and they had their own area where all slaves were mandatory to live, although slaves were not free at all in the North, the North was a better place for them that's why many slaves ran to the north. -
Union's financing.
During the Civil War, the Union had many advantages over the Confederacy. The Union had many more supplies, railroads, enough funds to fight a war while the Confederacy did not have any of those. Even though before the war, the South was consider rich, the North overwhelm them due to Industrialization. The only thing the South overwhelm the North is through military leadership. when it came to weapons too and supplies the South stole supplies from Union death soldiers laying in the floor. -
Industrial Revolution.
During the 1800 century, the Industrial Revolution hit the American Country known as the United States. The industrial revolution increase the economy of the country, mass production, and even labor. Due to the industrial revolution children were forced to work in the maintenance of the new invented machines because of their ability to fit their little tiny hands inside of the machines were not other adult could, but they also killed many people in this industries due to unsafe equipment. -
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Age of Jefferson.
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Thomas Jefferson.
In 1801, after the end of the presidential campaign of George Washington, during the elections of 1800, Thomas Jefferson ran against John Adams and won the elections. Thomas Jefferson accomplished many goals and benefited the nation in many different ways.Thomas Jefferson believed in a nation full of farmers and when Louisiana was offer to the U.S, Thomas Jefferson purchased the territory and reach to double the size of the United States since Louisiana was a big chunk from the France territory. -
Louisiana Purchase.
During the periods of government of Thomas Jefferson, he was granted the opportunity to provide almost half of the current territory of the U.S. Thomas Jefferson believed in a system of agriculture which is the main reason why he bought the Louisiana territory from France. The Louisiana Purchase has been consider the greatest achievement of Thomas Jefferson because he pretty much double the size of the nation. Louisiana was important because of their virgin soil where Indians lived. -
The Enlightenment.
The Enlightenment is the group responsible for the invention of advanced technology and the freedom we posses of speech. The Enlightenment is composed of different Philosophers who thought not everything that the church were telling the people was true. They decided to start the invention of new things as well as the creation of science. They invented the light bulb, the study of the space and other things. After the Dark Ages, the Enlightenment was able to help Europe become stable once again. -
The Republican Party during the Civil War.
The Republican party and the Democrats were totally the opposite of each other. During the 18th century, there was a major issue being debated throughout the entire country which is whether slave should be abolish or keep. The Democrats were totally on favor of keeping slavery and expanding it towards Westward to the new acquire land. The Republican party was totally against the issue of slavery and of course against expanding it to the left which is the major reason why the civil war started. -
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The Age of Jackson.
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Fort Sumter.
During the Civil war between the confederacy and the Union. They did not agree on each other's actions since the Union wanted to abolish slavery and the South wanted to expand slavery. The South was totally discontent with the North and they gave the first attack and the gave the ignition to the bloodiest war ever fought in the United States. The Fort Sumter is the first battle that started the civil war and is known as the shot heard around the world since many people was interested in this war -
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Cultural changes
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Slave Rebellions.
During the times of slavery, African Americans who were brought to the territory of the U.S, they were consider slaves and were forced to work on plantations during extremely really really bad conditions. Due to the way that white Americans treated slaves, many slaves actually tried to escape from their owners and run to a better area, but in some plantations, slaves actually rebel against their owners and burned their farms as a way to show revenge. A great example could be Nathan's rebellion. -
James. K Polk goals.
The main goals the president James.K. Polk's had determine in mind was to annex the territory of Texas during his presidency. The president James.K.Polk's was the president of the United States during the Mexican-American war that was fought over the control of the westward states such as California, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado and others etc. The president James. K. Polk achieved his goals and gave to the United States access to certain states of the Westward territory (California, New Mexico) -
The Mexican-American war.
When Mexico won freedom from Spain, they had abolish the issue of slavery in Mexico. Several years later Americans started immigrating to the Tejas which is now Texas because of better land for agriculture. The Mexican nation agreed only if they learn Spanish, couldn't take slaves, and respect their laws which they didn't do and that is how the war over the control of Tejas started. The treaty of Guadalupe ended the and the U.S gained Texas,new mexico, California, Nevada, Colorado, Utah etc. -
The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.
The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was passed down in 1848 and ended the Mexican-American war between the United States and the Mexican nation over the control of Texas,Nevada, New Mexico, Utah,California, Wyoming and Colorado. The Treaty of Hidalgo, most known as the peace treaty stated the new and current boundary between the United States and Mexico. The United States had to payed 15,000,000 dollars to the Mexican nation in exchange of 525,000 miles of new territory which is the west of the U.S. -
Zachary Taylor.
The 12th president of the United States of America ( Zachary Taylor), had many complications during his campaign. Many people from the Union rejected him due to the fact that he used to be a slave owner before he started running for the presidential position. Because Zachary Taylor contributed to the awful grown of slavery, many citizens did not wanted to vote for him at all. Zachary Taylor is also known as the president who helped win the Mexican-American war and the debates of slavery. -
The Underground Railroad.
During the Civil War, the Union had several advantages over the Confederacy which helped the Union win the war in some ways. The South was less advance in technology, but the North was extremely advance. They built under secret house railroads to transport manufactures, supplies and soldiers from one free slave state to another. They all connected to only free states and was kept in secret which is why it was built under houses to obtain an advantage over the less advance in industrial South. -
California's admission to the Union.
During the civil war, the South wanted to re-gain control of the war by expanding their territory. When California was accepted by to the U.S. they were debating whether California should be part of the Union of the Confederacy. The South wanted California to expand slavery westward and win more territory which could help them win the war. The Union did everything they could to win California which they did, so the South would not take advantage and expand their slavery towards westward. -
The Fugitive Slave Act.
The Fugitive Slave Act was approved in 1850. The Fugitive Slave Act was an outcome of the compromise of 1850. It allowed slave owners to get their slaves back to their possession. All the slaves that were free due to the Emancipation Proclamation were captured again by their owners and were put back to work again in plantations of cotton. The President Millard Fillmore passed down the Fugitive Slave Act with the purpose of giving back the slaves to the South and so they won't leave the Union. -
Popular Sovereignty.
During the periods of 18 century and 19 century, the debate over slavery grew larger every day until the point were it became a big deal to whether the slavery should expand into the new territory that was acquire from Mexico. Popular Sovereignty gave the right for the new states that were added to the United States like Kansas and Nebraska to have the right to choose whether they should become slave states or free states. Corruption started ever since the election of those two states status. -
The Kansas Nebraska Act.
the Kansas Nebraska was pass down by the congress which allow the citizens of the states of Kansas and Nebraska vote whether they become consider free state or as a slave state. Due to this new act that was pass down by the congress, corruption started to get involve in the elections and the Union even got people from England to come and vote so the states would not become slave states. The Union fear that the South would only get more powerful with new states added to their slavery plantations. -
Dred Scot vs Sandford
The Dred Scott vs Sandford case was argue in 1856 and was decided on 1857. The argument was based on the legal status of slaves whether they should be allow to become consider citizens or remain as illegal slaves. The major issue over the case was that Dred Scot was a slave which means that by the time when he was fighting over his legal status, he lack legal status. At the end of the case, the judge came up with the conclusion that slaves should not become citizens and Scott wasn't free. -
Bleeding Kansas.
During the Civil War that was fought between the confederacy and the Union, the new states that were added to the United States needed to decided whether they should become slave states or free states. The congress decided to let the two states have elections and allow the citizens get involved in the status of the states, but a bloody war broke out between the Northers and the Southerns over the issue of slavery. The South wanted slavery while the Union wanted those two states to remain free. -
South Advantages during the Civil War.
During the Civil war that was fought between the Union and the Confederacy. The South had a less advantages over the Union, but the small advantages the South had over the Union were much more stronger than all the advantages the Union had since they did not knew how to utilize it to their benefit. The South contain many strong military leadership and as well as many tactics that tremble the Union. The Union did not have military leadership which turned their advantages their strongest weakness. -
Diseases during Civil War
During the Civil War medicine was not advance as it is now in the 21 century. Many soldiers from the Confederacy and Union were wounded bad until the point where almost amputation was the only solution to solve the issue according to the doctors that existed back then. When an imputations was operated over a patient, the patient ran the risk of dying due to the unsanitary conditions that existed back then which cause the result of diseases. Diseases are responsible to the majority of the deaths. -
Union Blockade.
During the civil war fought in the U.S the Union performed a blockade over the South with the purpose of making them surrender. The North block all ports where trade was accessible, so that way the South could not trade at all and run out of funds which would later guide them to surrender since they will not have anything to buy supplies, equipment and others etc. The Union blockade was successful in certain parts since they did affected the economy, but did not forced the South to surrender. -
Abolitionism.
The term Abolitionism emerged ever since the beginning of the Civil War started. Many Americans from the North wanted to abolish the major cause of the Civil War which was slavery. Abolitionism means to put an end to the unfair treatment of Africans and end Slavery completely. The Union was consider an abolitionist part of the United States although not all Americans from the Union were against the issue of addressing slavery, but Many others were totally against the issue of allowing slavery. -
General Robert E. Lee
The general Robert E. Lee was a really smart general who guided the Confederacy during the civil war against the Union which are the troops of the general Grant. General Lee was totally in favor of slavery and wanted the South to part away from the Union and become a new country that survives of slavery. General Lee manage to use the little advantages they had over the North to give a really good fight and he was almost successful, but was defeated due to the enormous advantages the Union had. -
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Sectionalism.
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The Civil War.
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Battle of Antietam.
During the Civil War after the Gettysburg battle, the North started to actually win over the South. technically all the battles after the Gettysburg were in the Union's favor which means they turned the tables around. The Antietam was a war that favor the Union and as well affected really bad the Confederacy because a result of the battle of Antietam was the Emancipation Proclamation which technically ended slavery for the South. They were highly affected since slaves produces all their profit -
Homestead Act
The Homestead Act was signed in 1862. it involve with the new states that were not yet populated by Americans. The new territory located in Westward such as California, Nevada etc. The Homestead Act provided 160 acres to anyone that migrated to the new territories, but before they receive their ownership they had to continuously live in their 160 acres for at least five years nonstop, so they could actually become the owners of those 160 acres that the government was given for establishment. -
The Union pacific railroad.
The Union pacific train was built after the failure of the reconstruction after the civil war came to an end at Appomattox Courthouse when General Lee surrendered to Grant. The Union Pacific railroad was one of the two trains that Lincoln signed before being murdered which contains the train to cross from Westward until the state of Utah which is where the Central and the Union railroads met to exchange products or people. People used them for their business like agriculture to be transported. -
The Gettysburg.
During the Civil war, the Union was totally losing against the North since the Union lack military leadership. In 1863 the Union confronted the South at Gettysburg after receiving the most motivational speech ever created by Abraham Lincoln. The Union was losing the war, but after the Gettysburg battle they turned things around and started winning the war which is the major reason why this battle is the most famous because it is consider as the major turning point of the civil war of the U.S -
The Gettysburg Address.
In 1863, Abraham Lincoln gave a tremendous speech to the people from the North as a response to all the battles they have lost before against the army of Robert Lee which is the confederacy. Abraham Lincoln wrote the essay and thought that it was going to be the worst speech ever given to the citizens in the history of the United States of America, but it ended up turning into one of the most famous speeches of all times and gave the Union the privilege to arise up against the South and win. -
The Vicksburg Battle.
The Vicksburg battle was fought on July 4th, 1863. It was one of the most important battles during the civil war because it reach its goal at dividing the South in two. The Union was losing the war against the South and the South were getting closer to their goal which was to leave the United States and become a new nation full of slavery. The North was against which why the most bloodiest war occurred inside of the United States. General Grant was successfully able to divide the South in two. -
The Emancipation Proclamation.
The Emancipation proclamation act was passed down in January 1, 1863. The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves from the states that were currently in rebellion against the issue of slavery. Many slaves obtain their freedom after the Emancipation Proclamation, but slave owners did not liked the idea of freeing slaves at all. They came up with the plan that if the Emancipation proclamation act was not vanish, then the South was going to break off the Union and become its own slave country. -
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Reconstruction.
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Appomattox Courthouse.
After the Civil War the Appomattox Courthouse became really famous since that is where the war fought in the U.S came to an end. The South surrender to the Union after losing the last battle of the Civil war called Palmito ranch. The General of the confederacy which is the General Lee realize that the war was totally over, they did not have enough funds and the North had already surpass them thanks to the invention of Industrialization. General lee decide to surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. -
Education in the South.
During slavery, slaves were forbidden to learn to read or write since it was going to be harder for whites to manipulate them to sign contracts they did not knew how to read, but everything changed after the civil war. After slaves were free from their owners, they started to build up their own schools and the people who learned to read and write secretly started teaching other Africans the benefit of reading and writing so whites would not bring back slavery easily back again in the South. -
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant was the general who guided the Union to it's victory against the Confederacy. The General Ulysses S. Grant was really smart although not as much as the General Lee of the South. Many generals came to guide the Union before him, but he is really important since he forced General Lee (A strong leader) to surrender in front of him at Appomattox Courthouse. Grant also became a president who was really against African Americans and did many things that did not work in favor of slaves -
Manifest Destiny.
During the 19th century, many Americans of the United States of America felt and believed that they should definitely expand towards westward across the territory of the United States of America because they were superior to the old owners of the territory which were the Indians. Americans proved to be superiors over the Native Indians because they lacked technology and because of their lack of industrialization. Due to their poor advancement Americans thought to take over their precious land. -
Debate over the expansion of slavery Westward.
After the Mexican-American war, the United States acquire a great portion of land from mexico which is Texas, Utah, New Mexico, California, Arizona, Colorado, etc. The government were debating wether those new acquire states should become free states or become slave states. It was a major issue because the decision could either help the Confederacy win the civil war or the Union. The Confederacy wanted slavery to spread Westward to gain more power, but the union did not wanted slavery to spread. -
The Temperance Movement.
During the 19th century, many men's had lost their minds over the issue of consuming alcohol. Men's did not knew how to control the liquor into a certain point where they could still take care of their responsibilities, many women started protesting because their husband were out of control when everyday since they could neither control or stop drinking alcohol. Women's remain protesting for congress to pass the law until their goal was achieved in 1917, the congress prohibited abuse of liquor. -
Mayan Native Language.
The famous Mayan language known as Yucatec, It has been spoken ever since 300 B.C and it still a language highly adopted by mesoamerican nations even in today's period of time. Mesoamerican countries such as Belize, Guatemala, Western portions of Honduras, El Salvador and some states of mexico has conserve the famous and curious written language and adopted it as a second optional dialect since Spanish is their primary spoken language and consider themselves as the generated Mayan civilization.
