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Adolf Hitler is apppointed Chancellor of Germany.
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The Nazis became the only legal political party in Germany and establishes a dictatorship.
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German President Paul von Hindenburg dies, Hitler takes the role of Führer und Reichskanzler. German soldiers and sailors are forced to swear personal loyalty to Hitler.
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Spanish nationalists under General Francisco Franco attack the Republican army, beginning the Spanish Civil War which lasts for three years. Franco is supported by Germany and Italy, while the Republican government receives support from the USSR.
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Germany reoccupies the Rhineland, violating the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I.
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Japan invades China, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War, which will become part of World War II.
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Roosevelt, supporting the Chinese resistance to Japan, declines to enforce the Neutrality Act and does not declare an embargo.
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After the fall of Nanking, the capital of the Chinese Republic, Japanese troops kill hundreds of thousands of civilians and systematically rape some 20,000 women and girls. The incident becomes known as the "Rape of Nanking."
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Hitler threatens war with Czechoslovakia to annex the German-speaking district of the Sudetenland. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain agrees to permit the annexation.
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Hitler withdraws support from China, seeking an alliance with Japan against the USSR. The USSR now supports the Chinese Republic against Japan.
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On Kristallnacht (the "night of broken glass"), November 7, more than 7,000 Jewish shops and 1,600 synagogues are damaged or destroyed.
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Germany signs alliance treaty with Italy (the "Pact of Steel").
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Germany and the USSR sign a non-aggression pact on August 23. Britain signs a Mutual Assistance Treaty with Poland.
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Germany invades Poland on September 1.
Britain, France, Australia, and New Zealand declare war on Germany two days later -
The Soviet Union invades Finland on November 30.
In response, the League of Nations expells the Soviet Union. -
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The Netherlands surrenders five days later.
Belgium surrenders on May 28. -
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Japan bombs Pearl Harbor on December 7. The following day, the United States and Britain declare war on Japan. Germany responds on December 11 with a declaration of war on the U.S.
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China declares war on Japan on December 9.
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German forces surrender at Stalingrad — the first major defeat of a German army since the war began.
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British planes drop 3,000 tons of bombs in a single-day raid on Hamburg, Germany.
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US forces push the German army back into Germany, winning the Battle of the Bulge.
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The Germans begin their last offensive of the war, to defend oil fields in Hungary.
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On August 9, the US drops a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan.
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On August 14, the Japanese government agrees to surrender unconditionally.
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The US drops the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, on August 6.
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On September 2, V-J (Victory in Japan) Day, Japan surrenders unconditionally to the United States and its allies