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explanded the orbit of the sun, moon, and planets. called them epicycles.
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eratosthenes is credited by Cleomedes On the Circular Motions with having calculated the Earth's circumference around 240 BC, using trigonometry and knowledge of the angle of elevation of the Sun at noon in Alexandria and in the Elephantine Island near Syene.
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pytheas sailed across most of northwest europe and also measured the angle between the horizon and the
North Star (Polaris is located directly above the
North Pole). -
He traveled extensively throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. There, he visited the Black Sea, Babylon, Phoenicia, and Egypt. He is best known for his work entitled Histories. which later got him labelled the father of history.
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the compass rose was used to indicate the directions of the winds, but the 32 points of the compass rose come from the directions of the eight major winds, the eight half-winds and the sixteen quarter-winds.
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established a marine observatory to
improve the Portuguese sailing travels. -
In 1513 Ferdinand navigated the globe through a passage way at 52° S latitude now called the Straights of Magellan.
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helped view the the ocean from the bottom up, also helped explore the undersea way easier.
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cook was known for saving the health of his crew
by requiring them to drink Lime Juice regularly
preventing scurvy and developing a chronometer
which is used to determine longitudinal locations. -
1777 published the first map of the Gulf Stream.
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US Navy officer who made
Navel Charts that when
used, logged, and allowed sailors to
avoid catastrophic weather conditions,
currents, and tides. -
sonar is the use of an echo and the sound waves bounce off nearby objects, and some of them reflect back to the object that made the noise.
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published his books Natural Selection and The Origin of the Species. investigated the whole of nature leading him to make one of the most outstanding contributions to biology.
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First large-scale voyage that increased knowledge of the
distribution of life in the ocean and of
the chemical and physical properties of
the ocean. -
a spherical deep-sea submersible which is unpowered and is lowered into the ocean on a cable.
