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Smith Act
Formally Alien Registration Act of 1940, U.S. federal law passed in 1940 that made it a criminal offense to advocate the violent overthrow of the government or to organize or be a member of any group or society devoted to such advocacy. Was also the basis of later prosecutions of members of the Communist and Socialist Workers parties. -
G.I. Bill
During the war politicians wanted to avoid the postwar confusion about veterans' benefits that become a political football in the 1920s and 1930s. It established hospitals, made low-interest mortgages available and granted stipends covering tuition and expenses fro veterans attending college or trade schools. -
Iron Curtain
Was the name for the boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of the World War 2 1945, until the end of the Cold War in 1991. it symbolized the efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and non-Soviet-controlled areas. -
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Cold War
This war was a great rivalry between the communist Soviet Union and its allies against the United States and its Western Allies that began after World War 2. The creation of NATO helped prevent the Cold War from becoming a hot war that would have led the world to nuclear Armageddon. It was mainly called the "cold" war because the countries never fought each other directly. -
Berlin Airlift
At the end of the Second World War, U.S., British, and Soviet military forces divided and occupied Germany.This event was important because it prevented West Berlin from falling into the control of the Soviet Union after World War 2. The Soviet Union was blockading the parts of Berlin that were occupied and administered by the United States,Great Britain and France.The Berlin Airlift took place because,Truman did not want to cause World War 3, he ordered a massive airlift of supplies. -
Fair Deal
The Fair Deal recommended that all Americans have health insurance, that the minimum wage be increased, and that by law, all Americans be guaranteed equal rights. He also proposed the Fair Employment Practices Act,which would outlaw racial and religious discrimination in hiring. stated the governments responsibility in helping to achieve full employment -
Korean War (The Forgotten War)
This war began when the North Korean Communist army crossed the 38th Parallel and invaded non-Communist South Korea. As Kim ll-sung's North Korean army, armed with Soviet tanks, quickly overran South Korea, the United States came to South Korea's aid. This war was important because it showed that America was willing to send troops to expand communism, it was the first armed conflict in the Cold War, it prevented North Korea from taking over all of Korea. (1950-1953) -
2nd Red Scare
As the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States intensified in the late 1940's and early 1950's, hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S. became known as the Red Scare. Senator Joseph P. McCarthy of Wisconsin, spent almost five years trying in vain to expose communists and other left-wing "loyalty risks" in the U.S. government. Also this is where McCarthyism began, which was the practice of making accusations without proper regard fro evidence. -
Rock n' Roll
a genre of popular music that originated & evolved in the United States during the late 1940s & early 1950s, from African American musical styles such as gospel, jazz boogie woogie, & rhythm & blues, and country music. many people claimed that they created Rock 'n' Roll, like Lloyd Price, Ike Turner, Jay Charles, and Elvis Presley. "rocking and rolling" became a popular double hear referring to either dancing or sex. -
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The 1950's
Was the start of fast changes that would be seen in the next 2 decades, the great depression was becoming a faint memory and families were moving out to the suburbs, kids, watched cartoons on 12 inch black and white TV sets, there was less violence and the consumer revolution was about to start in a big way. this years were also part 1946-1964 time period known as the "postwar era" & "baby boom era". Defining themes of the 1950's includes the rise of rock 'n' roll music. -
Television
TV was one of the most popular products in the 1950s. At the beginning of the decade about 3 million people owned TV's; by the end of it, there were 55 million. TV helped professional and college sports big businesses, and sometimes provided excellent comedy and dramatic shows to vast audiences that might not otherwise have had access to them. Big networks like NBC, CBS, ABC, are still being aired till this day. -
TV shows
In the 1950's TV was led by sitcoms and game shows, specials were still a big deal and color TV was starting to gain some attraction. obviously many people were beginning to make the switch from radio to TV for their news. In the late 50's, western completely took over. In 1958, 8 of the top 10 TV shows were western such as "Gunsmoke" and "I've got a secret" other big shows were "I Love Lucy" "You Bet Your Life" and shows like "Ford Theater" were big entertainers for the audience. -
Eisenhower goes to Korea
During the presidential campaign of 1952, Republican candidate Eisenhower was critical of the Truman administration's foreign policy, to bring an end to the conflict in Korea. He announced that if he were elected he would personally go to Korea to get a firsthand view of the situation. After his election he fulfilled his campaign and adopted a get-tough policy toward the communist in Korea. He would use any force necessary (nuclear weapons) to bring the war to an end. -
Polio Vaccine
American medical researcher Dr. Jonas Salk announces on a national radio show that he has successfully tested a vaccine against poliomyelitis, the virus that causes the crippling disease of polio. Polio, is a disease that attacks the nervous system and can cause varying degrees of paralysis. it manly affected the children and especially infants were the most affected, adults were also often afflicted. -
Dr. Jonas Salk
Jonas Salk announced the development of the worlds first safe and effective polio vaccine. Salk believed his vaccine, composed of "killed" polio virus, could immunize without risk of infecting the patient. He then administrated the vaccine to volunteers who had not had polio,including himself and his family, and all developed anti-polio antibiotics and experienced no negative reactions to the vaccine. -
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Civil Rights
civil rights had to deal with discrimination concerning on race, religion, national origin and sex. Its the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality. -
Brown V. Board of Education
Helped break the back of state-sponsored segregation, and provided a spark to the American civil rights movement. It ended federal tolerance of racial segregation. Plessy v. Ferguson the Court ruled that "separate but equal" conformed the fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection. it was used to justify segregation in all public facilities, even schools. Court published implementation guidelines requiring federal district courts to supervise school desegregation. -
Little Richard
Richard was taken by a white family who owned a a club, where Richard began performing & honing his talent. in 1951 his career failed to take off, when a performance at an Atlanta radio station yielded a record contract with RCS, but with a repertoire of mainly mild blues numbers that masked the searching vocals & piano that would come to find his rock music. he hooked up with Specialty Records producer Art Rupe, he jumped into a recording studio & pumped out "Tutti-Frutti" instant hit -
Emmitt Till Tragedy
14 year old Emmitt reportedly flirted with a white cashier in Money, Mississippi. Four days later,two white men tortured & murdered Till. His murder galvanized the emerging Civil Rights Movement. Emmitt was not used to the level of segregation in Mississippi, therefore his mother had warned him to take care because of his race, but he enjoyed pulling pranks. three days later after his death they found his corpse & it was so disfigured that they couldn't even identify him but by a ring. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Began when an African American women refused to yield her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus she got arrested & fined.The Montgomery Bus Boycott is African Americans refuse to ride city buses in Montgomery,Alabama,to protest segregated seating.they didn't want anyone to be taking the buses to work,town, to school,or anywhere, if they worked they could take a cab or share a ride or walk.Martin Luther King Jr. emerged as a national leader of the American civil rights movement -
Beat Generation
Was a literary movement started by a group of authors whose work explored and influenced American culture and politics in the post- World War 2 era. The bulk of their work was published and popularized throughout the 1950s. A beatnik was a media stereotype prevalent throughout that the 1950s and 1960s that displayed the more superficial aspects of the beat generation. The overriding theme of beatnik fashion was that it was form-fitting and understated. -
Space Race
Refers to the 20th century competition between 2 Cold War rivals,the Soviet Union(USSR)and the U.S. ,for Supremacy in Spaceflight capability.Soon after World War 2,U.S. and Soviet Union became locked in a global conflict pitting democracy against communism, as each side competed to best the others achievements. It had first began with Sputnik's launch in 1957 The space race was important because it showed the world which country had the best science,technology,and economic system. -
Little Rock 9
Nine black students enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, testing a landmark 1954 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.Court had mandated that all public schools in the country be integrated"with all deliberate speed"in its decision related to the groundbreaking case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.the first day of classes didn't go so well,Eisenhower sent federal troops to escort them. -
Sit Ins
A new tactic was added to the peaceful activists' strategy. Four African American college students walked up to a whites-only lunch counter at the local store in Greensboro, North Carolina,& asked to be served.The service was refused and the students sat quietly and patiently, despite the threats & intimidation, they waited to be served. The rules were simple just sit quietly & wait to be served, some of them got insulted & got pelted with food or ketchup. but never fight back. -
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The 1960's
Many believed they were standing at the dawn of a golden age. But it seemed that by the end of the 60's it seemed like the nation was falling apart. So many events happened during the 60's, there was the Great Society, the War in Vietnam, and Fight for Civil Rights. -
New Frontier
"New Frontier" was used by President John F. Kennedy to describe his goals and policies. Americans of the frontier in the nineteenth century, Americans of the twentieth century had to rise to new challenges, such as achieving quality of opportunity for all. -
Chicano Mural Movement
Began in Mexican-American barrios throughout the Southwest.Artists began using the walls of city buildings,housing projects,schools,& churches to depict Mexican-American culture.The Chicano movement or El Movimiento,was a civil rights movement, with the stated goal of achieving Mexican American empowerment.some issues the movement focused on were awareness of collective history,culture,restoration of land grants,& equal opportunity for social mobility. -
Peace Corps
John F. Kennedy, proposed to the University of Michigan, to help the developing countries , by promoting peace. He encouraged them to go to needy countries and give them aid, financially, educationally, and physically. Kennedy had the idea of forming a new "army" in the United States, it would be made up of civilians who would volunteer their time and skills to travel to underdeveloped nations to assist them in any way they could later the congress voted to make the Corps permanent. -
Race to Space/Moon
The Soviet Union achieved an early lead in the Space Race by launching the first artificial satellite Sputnik 1(replica) in 1957, The U.S. led during the "Moon Race" by landing Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the Moon. President Kennedy made his famous speech calling for the landing of men on the moon before the end of the decade. NASA gave the go ahead to start development of a rocket engine with enough thrust to support a manned mission to the moon.By landing the U.S. won the race. -
Counterculture
The 1960's were a period when long-held values and norms of behavior seemed to break down, particularly among the young. Many college-age men and women became political activist and were the driving force behind the civil rights and antiwar movements. -
LSD
People who were questioning the system needed to find a new light to look upon things. LSD let peoples mind take over their imagination, it made them look at things from different angles that their psychedelic trance allowed them. LSD was originally used in tablet form, but once it was made illegal it was used for various reasons. -
Feminism (Second-wave)
originally focused on dismantling workplace inequality, such as denial of access to better jobs and salary inequity, via anti-discrimination laws. Betty Friedan was determined to make the movement a respectable part of mainstream society and distanced herself from what she termed the "bra-burning, anti-man, politics-of-orgasm" school of feminism. in large part, the success of the feminist movement was driven by a favorable confluence of economic and societal changes. -
Anti-War Movement
was a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause.The term can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conflicts. it was all against the War in Vietnam, many Americans opposed the war on moral grounds, by the devastation and violence of the war.others opposed it because they felt it lacked clear objectives and appeared unwinnable -
March on Washington
200,000 people participated in a peaceful civil rights rally in Washington, D.C., where Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial. The march was successful in pressuring the administration of John. F . Kennedy to initiate a strong federal civil rights bill in Congress. it was a march for jobs and Freedom. -
Assassination of JFK
the 35th President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, was killed while traveling through Dallas in an open-top convertible. Jacqueline Kennedy was with him for a 10-mile motorcade through the streets of downtown Dallas. Lee Oswald allegedly fired three shots from the sixth floor of the Texas School Depository Building at 12:30 p.m., Kennedy was pronounced dead 30 minutes later at the Dallas' Parkland Hospital. Warren Commission later concluded that Oswald had nothing to do with it. -
Daisy Girl Ad
also known as "Peace Little Girl" was a controversial political advertisement aired on television, even though it was only aired once by the campaign, it was still an important factor in Johnson's landslide victory over Barry Goldwater and an important turning point in political and advertising history. -
Earl Warren Supreme Court
Warren was an American jurist and politician, he is best known for the liberal decisions of the so-called Warren Court, which outlawed segregation in public schools and transformed many ares of American Law. he made the supreme court a power center on a more even basis with congress and the presidency, through four landmark decisions: Brown V. Board Wainwright, Gideon v. Wainwright, Reynolds v. Sims, and Miranda v. Arizona. -
The Great Society
The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice, the Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson. Some of the programs included Medicare, Medicaid, the Older Americans Act and federal education funding. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th amendment, to the constitution of the United States. -
Death of MLK
Martin Luther King Jr. had been assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.King had led the civil rights movement using a combination of powerful words & non-violent tactics to fight segregation & achieve voting rights for black Americans.His assassination led to outpouring of anger among black Americans,as well as a period of national mourning that helped speed the way for an equal housing bill that would be the last significant legislative achievement of the civil rights era. -
Stonewall Riot
A police raid of the Stonewall Inn-a gay club located on New York City's Christopher Street-turns violent as patrons & local sympathizers begin rioting against the police.The so-called Stonewall Riot was followed by several days of demonstrations in NY and was the impetus for the formation of the Gay Liberation Front as well as other gay,Lesbian,& Bisexual civil rights organizations.It is also regarded by many as history's first major protest on behalf of equal rights for homosexuals. -
Warren Burger Supreme Court
The Burger Court had less generous interpretation of teh protections offered by the 14th Amendment and the 15th Amendment than those of the Warren Court, but the Burger Court did not overrule any of the major precedents set by the Warren Court. The Burger Court has been described as a "transitional" court which continued the liberal legacy of the Warren Court but transitioned into the more conservative Rehnquist Court. -
Silent Majority's Involvement in politics
President Nixon goes on T.V. & radio to call for national solidarity on the Vietnam War effort to gather support for his policies;He reported progress in the"Vietnamization"effort to increase the combat capability of South Vietnam's armed forces so that they could assume more responsibility.Having provided this perspective on the situation,he appealed to american people,calling the"great silent majority"for their support as he worked for "peace with honor" -
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1970's
it was a tumultuous time,the decade was a continuation of the 60's.Women,African Americans,Native Americans,gays & lesbians& other marginalized people continued their fight fro equality,& many Americans joined the protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. A "New Right" mobilized in defense of political conservatism and traditional family roles, and the behavior of President Richard Nixon undermined peoples faith in good intentions of federal government. -
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Consolidated in one agency a variety of federal research, monitoring, standard-setting and enforcement activities to ensure environmental protection. President Richard Nixon created the EPA to fix national guidelines and to monitor and enforce them. -
Watergate Hotel
Was considered one of the Washington's most desirable living spaces, popular with members of Congress and political appointees in the executive branch. The complex has been sold several times since the 1980s. The Watergate Office Building was burglarized, documents were photographed, and telephones were wiretapped. the investigation into the burglary revealed that high officials in the Nixon administration had ordered the break-in and then tried to cover up their involvement. -
Tile IX
Education Amendment is enacted by Congress and is signed into law by Richard Nixon. It Prohibits sex discrimination in any educational program or activity receiving any type if federal financial aid. it also prohibits discrimination against girls and women in federally-funded education, including in athletic programs. -
Heritage Foundation
is a research and educational institution, whose mission is to formulate and promote conservative public policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong national defense. -
Beginnings of the Personal Computer
It didn't began with IBM or Microsoft, although Microsoft was an early participant in the fledgling PC industry. The first personal computers, introduced in 1975, came as kits: The MITS Altair 8800, followed by the IMSAI 8080, an Altair clone.before microprocessors were invented, the Kenbak-1 had 256 bytes of memory and featured small and medium scale integrated circuits on a single circuit board. The title of first personal computer using a microprocessor went to the 1973 Micral. -
Home video game system
The first home video games didn't appear until the early 1970s & didn't become widely popular until 1975.That was when Atari adapted its PONG game from the electronic arcade version, & video game mania swept the country.due not to any new technology,but rather to the precipitous drop in sales that started in 1982.The crash was caused by too many poor-quality game cartridges from too many manufacturers. Many third-party game developers went out of business during this period -
Jimmy Carter's Presidency
Served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977-1981 He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize for work to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts,to advance democracy and human rights, & to promote economic & social development.Jimmy Carter's one-term presidency is remembered for the events,inflation,energy crisis,war in Afghanistan,&hostages in Iran.voters strongly rejected Jimmy Carter's honest but gloomy outlook in favor of Ronald Reagan's telegenic optimism -
Elvis Presley
was an American singer & actor, regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll" or "the King", came from very humble beginnings, by the mid-1950s, he appeared on the radio, television & the silver screen. He died age 42, died of heart failure due to the drug addictions around those times.Presley has remained one of the worlds most popular music icons. -
Three-Mile Island
Accident was caused by a nuclear meltdown in reactor number 2 of Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station (TMI-2) in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. his was the most serious accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant operating history, although its small radioactive releases had no detectable health effects on plant workers or the public. -
Black Entertainment Television (BET)
The cable channel is viewed in more than 90 million homes worldwide. As of 2010 it was the most prominent television network targeting young black-American audiences and was the leading provider of black American cultural and entertainment based programming.Most of its early entertainment consisted of music videos, reruns of old black situation comedies and some original programs. -
Election of 1980
The U.S. presidential election of 1980 featured a contest between incumbent Democrat Jimmy Carter&his Republican opponent, Ronald Reagan,who ran as an independent,aided by the Iran hostage crisis&a worsening economy at home,won the election in a landslide;in the simultaneous Congressional elections,Republicans won control of the United States Senate for the first time in 28 years.This election marked the beginning of what is popularly called the "Reagan Revolution." -
Rap Music
West African musicians were telling stories rhythmically,Indeed, these singing poets from Africa lay the foundation for modern-day American rap music.Rapping first gained popularity in the U.S. in the 1970s as a kind of street art, especially among African American teenagers. But it wasn’t until 1979, when the record producers took notice of this emerging musical genre. once they did, numerous rap acts, rap’s audience began to swell. -
The New Right
refers to two historically distinct conservative political movements, and currently the alt-right movement which includes right-wing ideologies that are an alternative to mainstream American Conservatism. These American New Rights are distinct from and opposed to the more moderate tradition of the so-called Rockefeller Republicans. The New Right also differs from the Old Right on issues to the non-interventionism of the Old Right -
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The 1980's
many Americans embraced a new conservatism in social, economic and political life during the 1980s, characterized by the policies of President Ronald Reagan. Often remembered for its materialism and consumerism, the decade also saw the rise of the “yuppie,” an explosion of blockbuster movies and the emergence of cable networks like MTV, which introduced the music video and launched the careers of many iconic artists. -
Reagnomics
is a popular term used to refer to the economic policies of Ronald Reagan, the 40th U.S. president (1981–1989), which called for widespread tax cuts, decreased social spending, increased military spending and the deregulation of domestic markets. President Ronald Reagan unveils a new tax program, calling it "a second American Revolution for hope and opportunity." ... He claimed an undue tax burden, excessive government regulation, and massive social spending programs hampered growth. -
Sandra Day O’Connor
was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States,was the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court. A moderate conservative, she was known for her dispassionate and meticulously researched opinions. As a judge, Sandra Day O’Connor developed a solid reputation for being firm, but just. Outside of the courtroom, she remained involved in Republican politics. -
A.I.D.S. Crisis
The epidemic of the immunodeficiency disease AIDS,Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) found its way to the shores of the United States as early as 1960, but was first noticed after doctors discovered in young gay men in Los Angeles, New York City, and San Francisco in 1981.Originally the disease was called GRID (Gay-Related Immune Deficiency), but by 1982, the disease was also transmitted by other means,the designation was officially changed to AIDS -
Music Television (MTV)
MTV went on to revolutionize the music industry and become an influential source of pop culture and entertainment in the United States and other parts of the world, including Europe, Asia and Latin America, which all have MTV-branded channels.By the late 1980s, MTV started airing non-video programming, geared toward teenagers and young adults. -
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) “Star Wars”
The intent of this program was to develop a sophisticated anti-ballistic missile system in order to prevent missile attacks from other countries, specifically the Soviet Union. With the tension of the Cold War looming overhead, the Strategic Defense Initiative was the United States’ response to possible nuclear attacks from afar.The nickname “Star Wars” may have been attached to the program for some of its abstract and farfetched ideas, many of which included lasers. -
Reagan Doctrine
The doctrine served as the foundation for the Reagan administration’s support of “freedom fighters” around the globe.Reagan began his foreign policy comments with the dramatic pronouncement that, “Freedom is not the sole prerogative of a chosen few; it is the universal right of all God’s children.” America’s “mission” was to “nourish and defend freedom and democracy.” He concluded, “Support for freedom fighters is self-defense.” -
Challenger Explosion
American shuttle orbiter Challenger broke up 73 seconds after liftoff, bringing a devastating end to the spacecraft’s 10th mission. The disaster claimed the lives of all seven astronauts aboard, including Christa McAuliffe, a teacher from New Hampshire who had been selected to join the mission. It was later determined that two rubber O-rings, which had been designed to separate the sections of the rocket booster, had failed due to cold temperatures on the morning of the launch. -
Oprah Winfrey
Best Known for her talk show "The Oprah Winfrey Show" it was the highest-rated television program of its kind in history. Dubbed the "Queen of All Media", she has been ranked the richest African-American.Several assessments rank her as the most influential woman in the world.In 2013, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama and honorary doctorate degrees from Duke and Harvard. -
Communism collapses in Eastern Europe and Soviet Union
Thousands of Jubilant Germans brought down the most visible symbol of division at the heart of Europe- Berlin Wall, just as the wall had to com to represent the division of Europe, its fall came to represent the end of the Cold War. President's Ronald Reagan's 1987 Berlin speech calling on Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev to "tear down this wall" would have imagined that two years later the communist regimes of Eastern Europe would collapse like dominoes. -
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The 1990's
the rise of multiculturalism and alternative media, which continued into the 2000s. Movements such as grunge, the rave scene and hip hop spread around the world to young people during that decade, aided by then-new technology such as cable television and the World Wide Web. -
Affordable Cell Phones
Cell phones became more popular in the 1990s, when they became more practical in size. During the 1990s, mobile phone technology made huge improvements. This impacted the way that people communicate, participate in education, and use linguistics in everyday society.cell phones became increasingly popular as prices declined and became more affordable for public consumption. -
Rodney King Incident
King who is black was pullover by four whites cops after a high-speed chase, the officers pulled him out and of the car and beat him brutally, while amateur cameraman George Holliday caught it all on videotape. It sparked riots after the acquittal of the four officers involved, was found dead in his swimming pool. The riots over five days in the spring of 1992 left more than 50 people dead, and more than 2,000 injured. -
Persian Gulf War / 1st Iraq War
was an armed conflict between Iraq and a coalition of 39 nations including the United States, Britain, Egypt, France, and Saudi Arabia; 28 nations contributed troops. what sparked the beginning of the Persian Gulf War was when Hussein defied United Nations Security Council demands to withdraw from Kuwait by mid-January 1991, and the Persian Gulf War began with a massive U.S.-led air offensive known as Operation Desert Storm. -
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a controversial trade pact signed in 1992 that gradually eliminated most tariffs and other trade barriers on products and services passing between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. -
Election of 1992
This election was between Bush and Clinton. Bush held a commanding lead in the polls over any and all potential rivals.From the time of the Democratic convention, Governor Clinton held a commanding lead in the polls over President Bush. Bush's campaign was hobbled by troubled economy. The campaign revolved primarily around economic issues. Bush ran a rather listless campaign that failed to connect with voters. He seemed completely disconnected from the needs of the average American. -
Health Care Reform
Healthcare reform package proposed by the administration of President Bill Clinton and closely associated with the chair of the task force devising the plan, First Lady of the U.S. Clinton. Its goal was to come up with a comprehensive plan to provide universal health care for all Americans. The proposed plan was an enforced mandate for employers to provide health insurance coverage to all of their employers. -
Bill Clinton
American enjoyed an era of peace and prosperity, marked by low unemployment, declining crime rates and budget surplus. He also appointed a number of women and minorities to top government posts.In 1998 Clinton was impeached on charges related to a sexual relationship he had with a White House intern. Following his presidency, Clinton remained active in public life. -
North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Is a controversial trade pact, that gradually eliminated most tariffs and other trade barriers on products and services passing between the United States, Canada and Mexico. NAFTA produced mixed results. It turned out to be neither the magic bullet that its proponents had envisioned nor the devastating blow that its critics had predicted. -
"Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Policy
Discriminatory ban on gay and lesbian service members is officially in the dustbin of history. Law prohibited qualified gay and lesbians Americans from serving in the armed forces and sent a message that discrimination was acceptable.Gay and lesbian service members previously discharged under DADT have the opportunity to re-enlist, and eager to serve the country but not willing to compromise who they are as individuals will, for the first time ever, be able to openly join. -
Undoing of DOMA
The problem for gay marriage defenders is DOMA was probably the last serious national victory their opponents could rack up,for the purposes of any Federal law in which marital status is a factor,n individual shall be considered married if that individual's marriage is valid in the State where the marriage was entered into outside any State,if the marriage is valid in the place where entered into & the marriage could have been entered into in a State -
Election of 2000
Was a contest between Republican candidate George W. Bush, and Democratic candidate Al Gore. The election was noteworthy for a controversy over the awarding of Florida's 25 electoral votes, the subsequent recount process in that state, and the unusual event of the winning candidate having received fewer popular votes than the runner-up. It was the closest election since 1876 and only the fourth election in which the electoral vote did not reflect the popular vote. Bush narrowly won. -
George W. Bush Presidency
Americas 43rd President, Bush's time in office was shaped by the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks against America. In response to the attacks, he declared a global “war on terrorism,” established the Department of Homeland Security and authorized U.S.-led wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. -
9/11 Attacks
19 al-Qaeda Hijackers boarded 4 planes, 2 hit the World Trade Center buildings,1 hit the pentagon, the 4th plane passengers learn of the attacks, subdue the terrorists and about 2,973 will die in the attacks/ President Bush demands Afghanistan (Taliban) turn over al-Qaeda terrorists. Taliban refuses, and Afghanistan is bombed on October 2001. Ground campaign lasted 2 months, and the responsible for the 9/11 attack of the twin towers etc. was Bin Laden but later escaped until May 2011 -
Patriot Act
It expands government's law enforcement powers,Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism.Security concerns lead to new federal legislation.Law enforcement and intelligence agencies allowed to conduct wide-sweeping searches and surveillance.It detained immigrants,monitored bank accounts,wiretapped suspects callers without warrant,many opposed it because of executive overreach in power,threatened individuals liberties. -
No Child Left Behind Act
Was created by President Bush, it is the most sweeping education-reform legislation since 1965. Its a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students.It supported standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals could improve individual outcomes in education.The Act required states to develop assessments in basic skills. -
The Great Recession
Economy went bust in the middle of the campaign, falling homes prices, poor lending habits by banks, risky investments lead to massive foreclosures, government forced to ball out falling banks,brokerage houses and insurance companies, worst economic collapse since the Great Depression. Bush helps bail out financial institutions with federal money, loans almost $1 trillion to private banks and wants to get credit rolling again. -
Election of 2008
was the 56th quadrennial presidential election, November 4, 2008. Democratic Party nominees Barack Obama defeated Republican Party nominees John McCain. Obama became the first African American ever to be elected president of the U.S. Both candidates promised to end the Bush Tax cuts, and both promised to get out of Iraq. -
First Hispanic SCOTUS judge- Sonia Sotomayor
First Hispanic Justice nominee on the United States Supreme Court. She is recognized as a somewhat controversial and outspoken candidate whose words are sometimes misinterpreted yet she i distinguished for her many ears of judicial service. -
Affordable Care Act (ACA) "Obamacare"
Obama gets passed reforms for private health insurance, everyone required to have insurance or pay a fine. Many liberals upset it's not a single-payer system like Europe.it also includes amendments to other laws like the Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act and the Health and Public Services Act.
