World War I Timeline

Nationalism, Imperialism, and Miliatarism

Jan 1, 1914

• Nationalism is the devotion to ones nation.- Nationalism can be unifying for a country but also can cause intense competition between nations. - The competition for colonies pushed European countries to the edge of war.- Militarism is the policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war.- Having a strong army made citizens feel patriotic.

Murder of Archduke

Jun 28, 1914

• The murderer was Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian member of the Black Hand.- The victim was Archduke Franz Ferdinand, a Austo-Hungarian ruler.- The murder occurred in Saravejo, Bosnia on June 28th, 1914.- Gavrilo Princip was a member of the Black Hand, which was a group who wanted to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule, therefore he killed the Austo-Hungarian ruler, Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
  

Battle of the Marne

Sep 5, 1914

• In this Battle, German forces fought the Russians and the French.- The Battle of the Marne was a war where the Germans conducted a plan called the Schlieffen Plan to defeat the Russians and French. However, the Allies ended up beating the Germans to it and defeated them instead. - This Battle took place in Paris, in the valley of the Marne River.- September 5th, 1914- The Allies foresaw the German’s plan, and therefore attacked.

The Gallipoli Campaign

Feb 1, 1915

• The Allies had a strategy to attack the Dardanelles, a narrow sea strait gateway to the Ottoman capital, Constantinople. - The Allies fought against the Central Powers.- The Allies wanted to take Constantinople, defeat the Turks, and establish a trade route to Russia.- This took place in February, 1915 on the Gallipoli Peninsula.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Jan 1, 1917

• The Germans used this form of demolishment against Britain and the U.S.- First attack: May 7th, 1915Second attack: January 1917- The warfare took place on the British coast.- Unrestricted submarine warfare is when the Germans would sink their enemies’ ships without and warning.- It was an efficient way of getting rid of the British and Americans against Germans quickly.

The Zimmermann Note

Feb 1, 1917

• A statement from Germany’s foreign secretary saying that the Germans are going to help the Mexicans gain back land from America.- The note was sent in February of 1917 and it was between the Germans and Americans.- The Germans wanted to torture the Americans even after ending the unrestricted submarine warfare, and it slowly led the Americans to declare war.

Fourteen Points

Jan 1, 1918

-President Wilson created this plan.
- A series of peace proposals.
- This plan was created in January 1918.
- The points were: an end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, reduced national armies and navies, adjustment of colonial claims with fairness toward colonial people, suggestions for changing borders and creating new nations, and a general association of nations.
- To achieve a just and lasting peace.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Mar 1, 1918

-Germany and Russia signed.-The treaty was signed in March 1918.-In Russia there was civil unrest, due to shortages of food and fuel, therefore causing Czar Nicholas to step down. This led to a provisional government who wanted to stay in the war but the soldiers refused.-When Lenin took power he insisted on ending Russia’s involvement in the war, so he offered Germany a truce that ended war between them.

Armistice

Mar 9, 1918

-A treaty that put an end to the fighting between Germany and France.-French Commander Marshal Foch and a representative of the new German government signed the treaty.- The treaty was signed in a railway car near Paris.- It was signed November 9, 1918.-The Central Powers started to crumble causing countries to surrender.

Treaty of Versailles

Jun 28, 1919

• Between Germany and the Allied powers.- Signed on June 18, 1919.- A compromise to settle the arguments between French, British, and U.S. aims.-This treaty incorporated Wilson's fourteenth point.- The treaty created the League of Nations, whose goal was to keep peace among all of the nations.