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Germany had surpassed many nations during this time period
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France takes an advantage of the Reinsurance Treaty and forms an alliance with Russia
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GB started to take Russia's expansion into account, and heavy concerns had began.
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US had announced a new policy where they would take over regions of Latin America that were not able to properly take care of their affairs.
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Russia and Japan had fought for Manchuria and Korea. Japan ended up winning.
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The first railroad to link Europe to Asia. This is the completion date.
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Britain concerns had grown and Germany suggested an alliance with France and Russia to create the Triple Entente.
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Austria-Hungary officially annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina
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A war between the Ottoman Empire and Serbians.
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Britain had began to blockade Germany, but Germany knew that Britain were more advanced. Germany then turned to new technology, the U-boat or the submarine.
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Russia’s empire had extended from Central Europe to the Pacific Ocean and from the Arctic to Afghanistan.
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France begged Russia to take pressure off of the Western Front by invading Germany. The Russian army was not ready to fight, but in late August it attacked anyway. 130,000/150,000 Russian troops, were killed, wounded, or taken prisoner.
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The Allied forces and Central powers had fought in the trenches which had led to the death of hundred of thousands. Nearly 2 million men were killed or wounded.
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Hoping to gain Germany’s colonies in Asia, Japan declared war on Germany
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The Ottoman Empire (modern day Turkey) entered the war on the side of Germany and Austria-Hungary to form the Central Powers. Bulgaria had joined as well.
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Germany had started using poisonous gas
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A naval force landed French, British, and colonial armies at Gallipoli, a peninsula in the European part of Ottoman Empire. The objective was to capture Constantinople, the capital, and gain access to the Black Sea.
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U-boat sank the Lusitania, which carried 173 tons of ammunition and more than a thousand passengers, including 128 Americans. Public outrage, combined with the sinking of two more passenger ships, brought U.S.-German relations to the breaking point. Germany promised that its U-boats would warn merchant ships before sinking them, to give those on board time to launch lifeboats.
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Britain, France, Russia were known as the Allied Powers. Italy, which remained neutral when war broke out, joined the Allied powers.
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The Three Pashas, ordered Turkish troops to disarm the Armenian components of the Ottoman Army. This move to weaken the Armenian people was intentionally designed to spark revolt, which it did in the city of Van.
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Turkey defeated British colonial troops from India, but they had lost against the Arabs. Turkey had lost the Arabian Peninsula.
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In South Africa, a rebellion by South African officers who fought against the British and were pro-German stalled the fighting there. The German colony was not defeated until November of that year.
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The British had captured Jerusalem.
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Russia withdrew from the war due to war fatigue and economic collapse
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Milita started using bombs, gas, and weaponry onto civilians, military, and those in the cross fire.
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Germany resumed its previous policy of submarine warfare. Germany made an offer of an alliance with Mexico. It promised that if Mexico went to war against the United States, Germany would reward Mexico with lands in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The United States declared war on Germany.
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12,000 African soldiers defended against 130,000 Allied troops for three years until finally being forced to surrender. German East Africa is in Africa, but they were colonized by Germany.
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Since Russia had pulled out of the War, Germany centered their focus on Britain.
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Fighting separately for the first time, the American army defeated German forces at Saint Mihiel
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Wilson issued a statement called the Fourteen Points. They were based on the principal of self-determination—the right of nations and peoples to control their own fate and to decide what form of government they will have. The Fourteen Points contributed to Germany’s decision to surrender
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The German people were enduring terrible hardships. By late October, those hardships became unbearable as Germans lost confidence that they would be victorious in the end. Germany on the verge of revolution and Allied armies poised to invade, German leaders knew that only surrender could save their nation. They signed an armistice, an agreement to stop fighting.
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An international conference began at Paris, France, to set the terms of the peace. 27 nations were represented. The conference was dominated the “Big Four,” they were Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain, French premier Georges Clemenceau, Italy’s premier Vittorio Orlando, and President Woodrow Wilson of the United States.
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The Washington Naval Conference resulted in an agreement by the major powers to reduce the size of their navies.
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The population had originally started at 2.3 million, but decreased to 387,000 people
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French officials drew up an agreement that outlawed war as an instrument of foreign policy.