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Morse Code
Developed in the 1830s and 1840s by Samuel Morse (1791-1872) and other inventors, the telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication. It worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. -
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Laissez Faire
Laissez faire reached its apex in the 1870s during the age of industrialization as American factories operated with a free hand. A contradiction developed, however, as competing businesses began to merge, resulting in a shrinkage of competition. During the administrations of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, public opinion shifted to support antitrust legislation and curb the abuses of unrestrained business child labor, long factory hours and unsafe working conditions. -
Transcontinental Railroad
-Easier to transport goods from Atlantic to Pacific
-built rails on rich hunting grounds
-forced Aative Americans onto reservations -
Homestead Act
-Encouraged people to settle in the west
-American settlement in the west continued forcing Native americans off their lands -
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Cattle Drive Era
Cattle drives in the western United States largely ended in the late 1800s due primarily to a combination of barbed-wire fences and the new convenience of the railroad. The open range was increasingly blocked by fences as sheep herders and cattle ranchers closed off their land to prevent encroachment from other cattle. Meanwhile, shipping by train proved to be faster, safer and less expensive. -
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Rise of Labor Unions
Labor unions are legally recognized as representatives of workers in many industries in the United States. Their activity today centers on collective bargaining over wages, benefits, and working conditions for their membership, and on representing their members in disputes with management over violations of contract provisions. Larger unions also typically engage in lobbying activities and electioneering at the state and federal level. -
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Gilded Age and Westward Expansion
-Gilded Age, period was glittering above but corrupt underneath.
-This time period is characterized by economic growth, widespread poverty, westward expansion, and political corruption. -
Hull House
Hull House was a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. Located in the Near West Side of Chicago, Illinois, Hull House (named for the home's first owner) opened its doors to recently arrived European immigrants. With its innovative social, educational, and artistic programs, Hull House became the standard bearer for the movement that had grown, by 1920, to almost 500 settlement houses nationally. -
Bessemer Steel Process
-Mass production of steel from molten pig iron
-Andrew Carnegie was the captain of the industry in 1892
-Great economic expansion by replacing wood and iron for steel -
Americanization Day
-Policy designed themes of immigrants embracing American culture
-Many citizens disliked Americanization day and the immigrants taking their jobs and working for lower wages