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Evil Spirts
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Herbs and plants
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Digitalis-foxgloves plants, used to chew but now are in pill form and injection to treat heart condition. -
Morphine-made from the opium poppy. It’s very effective medication for treating severe pain. But, can also addicting and used when only nothing else will help.
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Quinine-comes from the bark of the cinchona tree. It controls fever, relieves muscle spasms, and helps prevent malaria -
Belladonna and atropine-made from the poisonous nightshade plant. They relieve muscle spasms, especially in gastrointestinal pain. -
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They were the earliest people to keep accurate health records.
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Who are physicians?-The priests were the physicians.
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How did they heal?-They used medicines to heal diseases.
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Development of acupuncture-The were the first to use primitive acupuncture therapies
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Illness cause nature vs. spiritual-They were the first to study the causes of disease and to determine that illnesses may have natural, rather than spiritual causes.
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Hippocrates- He based his knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the external body.
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Dissection-Religious custom did not allow body’s to be dissected. -
Organize medical care-They were the first to organize medical care.
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Sanitation systems-They brought water into the cities by waterways and aquaducts. Then, they built sewers to carry off waste. They also built public baths with filtering systems.
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Hospital development-They sent medical equipment and physicians with army’s to care for wounded soldiers. Roman physicians kept a room in their house to care for the ill. Public buildings were eventually established. This was the beginning of hospitals. -
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They believed that life and death were in gods hands, the monks and priests were never interested in how the body functioned.
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The primary cure for diseases was a prayer. Medication consisted of herbal mixtures, and care was custodial.
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Terrible epidemics caused millions of deaths during this time period. Bubonic plague (the Black Death) alone killed 60 million people. Other uncontrolled diseases included smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis. -
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Dissection-The acceptance of dissection of the body for study began.
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Universities-The building of universities and medical schools for research began
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Books-The development of the printing press and the publishing of books began, allowing greater access to knowledge from research.
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He studied and recorded the anatomy of the body -
She discovered the fallopian tubes of the females anatomy.
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He discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat (Eustachio tube)
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He used his knowledge to understand physiology, and he was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart. -
He invented the microscope, establishing that there is life smaller than the eye can see. He scraped his teeth and found the bacteria that causes tooth decay. -
Apothecaries, early pharmacies, started in this time in medieval England, these apothecaries engaged in a flourishing trade in drugs and spices from the East.
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His discoveries affect us in many ways. His discoveries include bifocals, and he found that colds could be passed from person to person.
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Students not only attended lectures in the classroom and laboratory, but also observed patients at the bedside. When a patient died, they dissected the body and were able to observe the disease process. This led to a better understanding of the causes of illness and death. As this continued, more new discoveries were made.
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he discovered the element oxygen. He also observed that plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen, making it usable for respiration. -
he discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox. Smallpox killed many people in epidemics. His discovery saved millions of lives. Furthermore, his discovery also led to immunization and to preventive medicine in public health .
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He invented the stethoscope. The first stethoscope was made of wood. It increased the ability to hear the heart and lungs allowing doctors to determine if disease was present.
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He identifies the cause of childbed fever. Large numbers of women died from this fever after giving birth. He noted that the patients of midwives had fewer deaths. When this was happening the physicians never washed their hands when they delivered babies. Their hands were dirty and affected the women. Semmelweis realized this was happening and now to this day washing your hands and having proper sanitation systems are the most important when it comes to spreading infections.
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She is the founder of modern nursing
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He is known as the “Father of microbiology,” discovery that tiny microorganisms were everywhere. Through his experiments and studies, he proved that microorganisms were created by disease. He also discovered that heating milk prevented the growth of bacteria.
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In 1892 in Russia, Dimitri discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen with a microscope. They are called viruses.
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He learned about Pasteur’s discovery that microorganisms cause infection. He used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs that cause infection. Then, he became the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery.
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He developed asepsis. He knew from Lister’s and Pasteur’s research that germs caused infections in wounds. He developed a method to keep an area germ-free before and during surgery. This was the beginning of asepsis.
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He discovered many disease-causing organisms. He developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. He also introduced the importance of cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of diseases. -
He discovered the effect of medicine on disease-causing microorganisms. His treatment was effective against some microorganisms but was not effective in killing other bacteria. His discoveries brought about the use of chemicals to fight disease.
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He discovered x-rays in 1895. He took the very first picture using x-rays of his wife’s hand. He also introduced the importance of cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of disease.
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Surgery was preformed on patients without anesthesia. Early physicians used herbs, hashish, and alcohol to help relieve the pain of surgery. Then, a drug was invented to have the ability to put people into a deep sleep so they don’t feel anything -
He found that Penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. The discovery of penicillin is considered one of the most important discoveries of the twentieth century. Before penicillin was discovered, people dies of illnesses that we consider curable today.
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He discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. He studies the effects of the unconscious mind on the body
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He discovered sulfonamide compounds. These compounds were the first medications effective in killing bacteria. They changed the practice of medicine by killing deadly diseases.
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He discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. This virus paralyzed thousands of adults and children every year. It seamed to attack the most active and athletic.
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In contrast to Salk’s virus, Albert Sabin used a live polio virus vaccine, which is more effective. This vaccine is used today to immunize babies against this dreaded disease.
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Francis Crick and James Watson discovered the molecular structure of DNA, based on its known double helix. Their model served to explain how DNA replicates and how hereditary information if coded on it. Eventually, they won the Nobel Prize in medicine for this discovery.
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He preformed the first successful heart transplant in 1968 -
He continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies, surgeries on the brain to stop seizures.
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The use of digital information that has rapidly increased this century,
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wearing these devices have been on the rise. Very helpful to track fitness goals, heart rates, and many more information.
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They play a major role in preventing, diagnosing, treating, and monitoring different medical conditions.
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This allows for the creation of customized medical devices, implants, and models based on patients specific body functions. This also allows for better surgical planning.
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They provide an accessible place for patients medical history, improved communication between healthcare providers, and reduced medical errors.