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German Revolution of 1918 and Kaiser Wilhelm II resigns
The German Revolution was the conflict within Germany after the end of the First World War that led to the replacement of the German federal constitutional monarchy and the loss of the Kaiser further the need for a new government. The revolution ended on august 11, 1919. The photo shows the battle within Germany. -
Formation of Weimar Republic/Constitution
The Weimar Republic was a democracy that strived to give power to the German adults and their constitution was most known for article 48 which gave their president power to act without parliament’s approval in the case of energy. Also, their proportional representation made it difficult for the government to get anything done. The photo is of the Weimar Republic’s flag. -
Ebert-Groener Pact
The pact was an agreement between the Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert, the Chancellor of Germany, and Wilhelm Groener, where Groener ensured Ebert the loyalty of the armed forces, and Ebert promised that the government would stop the leftists uprising. Photo of Friedrich Ebert who was a part of the Ebert-Groener Pact. -
Armistice ending WWI
The armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, and was an agreement between Germany and the allies that called for a cease-fire on the western front as peace negotiations were being handled. The photo is an example of the newspaper clipping that was published after Germany signed the armistice. -
Bavarian Soviet Republic
The Bavarian Soviet Republic was established after the fall of Kurt Eisner’s People’s State of Bavaria and desired to create a socialist soviet republic in Bavaria but it was destroyed in less than a month by the German Army and the paramilitary Freikorps. A map of the Bavarian Soviet Republic. -
Spartacist Revolt
The uprising began with left-wing militaries taking over Berlin and blocking roads and claiming buildings and they were defeated on January 15 by the Freikorps who had better weapons. The photo shows the destruction the uprising caused within Germany and how the surrounding grounds were affected. -
Treaty of Versailles and the results for Germany
The results of the treaty of Versailles would be Germany being blamed for the war by the allies, loosing 10% of their land and having limits on other factors such as an army limit and was required to pay reparation payments. The photo is significant as it shows the territory lost by the Germans and reduced military sizes. -
Kapp Putsch
Groups wanting to overthrow the government on March 13 1920. Consisting of the common working class, however was seen as a failure due to the common people not being able to overthrow the Freikorps -
(Red) Ruhr Uprising
March 13, 1920- A revolt led by the left wing workers of germany, fighting and being upheld till the beginning of April, where they surrendered to Freikorps. Image is significant due it it descbing the weakness of the common people, not having the traning to take them on. -
Rapallo Treaty
Signed on april 16th, 1922. Secrecy within the conference allowed for german military to carry heavy weapons, contradicting the treaty of Versaille. Done though with Russia and Germany as they both felt that they had been outcasted at the treaty of Versaill. The photo below shows Georgi Chicherin and Walther Rathenau agraty.eeing to the treaty -
Weimar Golden Age
The Weimar Golden Age (1923-1929) was when the economy and cultural life prospered as a result of Stresemann and Dawes’ work. This was a result of the introduction of the Rentenmark which was successful against the hyperinflation crisis and Germany’s restoration of foreign relations to renegotiate the reparations. The golden age was significant as it revived the economic and cultural state of Germany for several years until the Great Depression.
The art represents life during the golden age. -
Hyperinflation Crisis
The hyperinflation crisis came to be in 1923. Where the Germans couldn’t pay the war- time debts and therefore, decided to print more money in order to pay it off. . A long term affect would be the reliance on forgein banks of the United States, which in the Great Depression of 1929 were not able to give the designated loans to Germany during that time. -
Occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium
Occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium ( Harsh)
The occupation of the Ruhr happened on Jan 11th of 1923. Where the French occupied a religion of the Ruhr when Germany, failed to pay the reparation payments stated in Versailles and with the Belgium, invaded Ruhr. -
Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler and Ludendorff rebelled against the Weimar republic in Munich in a beer hall. Ultra-nationalists took their cause to the streets, where Hitler was arrested and imprisoned for 5 years. This failed rebellion was significant as it allowed NSDAP and Hitler to gain attention nationwide and he had a platform to express his ultra-nationalistic ideology. The photo shows the Nazi paramilitary troops taking part in the Beer Hall Putsch -
Introduction of Rentenmark
Stresemann introduced the Rentenmark in order to combat hyperinflation. It was printed in limited quantities and its value was tied to gold. The introduction of the Rentenmark was significant as it helped with the recovery and strength of the German economy. This is a picture of the German Rentenmark, which was successful in restoring faith in the German economy as it had actual value. -
Dawes Plan
The Dawes Plan was devised by Charles Dawes, which was an agreement between the allies and Germany on reparations. The reparations were reduced to 50 million pounds per year and the U.S. gave loans of $25 billion to Germany to help rebuild its industry. This was significant because it improved German economy by helping the industry to thrive and tax revenues and employment increased.
This picture illustrates the Dawes Plan and the exchanges between each country involved in the Dawes Plan. -
Election of President von Hindenburg
President von Hindenburg was elected in 1925 and again in April 1932. He was significant to the rise of Hitler as he appointed Hitler as German chancellor in 1933 which gave legitimacy to the Nazi regime.
This is a photograph of Paul von Hindenburg, who served as president of Germany from 1925 to 1934 (when he died). -
Locarno Treaty
Treaty between Belgium, France, UK, and Germany in which Germany accepted its borders with France and Belgium and Germany became a member of the League of Nations. The Locarno Treaty was significant because it brought about a sense of optimism and tension seemed to be resolving between the allies and Germany.
This picture shows important people involved in the Locarno negotiations: Gustav Stresemann, Austen Chamberlain, and Aristide Briand. -
Treaty of Berlin with Soviet Union
The Treaty of Berlin was signed on April 24, 1926 between Germany and the Soviet Union. They agreed to pledge neutrality for five years if an attack on the other by a third party were to occur in this agreement and was significant as they also reaffirmed the principles of Rapallo. This photo shows Gustav Stresemann at the signing of the treaty. -
German Entrance into the League of Nations
Germany was admitted into the League after improving their foreign relations through the Locarno Treaty. This is significant as it boosted the confidence of foreign powers and moderate Germans in the Republic. This photo shows Gustav Stresemann addressing the League at an assembly after their entry. -
Young Plan
Owen D. Young, an American industrialist, and his committee introduced this plan which reduced reparations from £6.6 to £2.2 billion and gave Germany 59 years to pay reparations (until 1988). This is significant as it helped Germany’s economy by reducing the amount of reparations paid per year and allowed for more employment. This is a photo of Owen Young. -
Beginning of Great Depression
Due to the Wall Street Crash, Germany faced high rates of unemployment and poverty as their economy suffered because they were heavily dependent on American loans and foreign trade. This is significant as Hitler used this as an opportunity to broaden his appeal and gain more supporters. This photo shows a run on a Berlin bank due to the depression. -
Grand Coalition of Weimar Germany
The Grand Coalition was formed between the DDP, SPD, Centre, and DVP in 1923. There are multiple factors to blame for its collapse in 1930, including disagreements on decisions, economic tensions, extremist parties, and more. This photo shows some members included in the coalition. -
Von Papen's Deal with Hitler
Since Von Papen wanted to regain power after being replaced as chancellor by Von Schleicher, he made a deal with Hitler to make him chancellor and himself vice-chancellor, while also convincing Hindenburg that Hitler as chancellor would make it easier to control him. This is significant as it ultimately led to Hitler’s rise to power. This is a photo of Von Papen and Hitler together. -
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
Hitler was appointed chancellor after backroom discussions between Hindenburg, Von Papen, Hitler, Hindeburg’s son, and more. This photo shows a crowd of supporters greeting Hitler on the day of his appointment.
