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Pledge of Allegiance
-it was written by Francis Bellamy
-It was changed since 1892-1954 before they agreed on it
-it was changed so immigrants would not confuse loyalties between their birth countries & the U.S.
-in 1923 they added "the flag of the United States", a year later "of America" was added -
Father of the Naval Aviation
-Glenn Curtis was the 1st to drive a plane with an engine in 1902
-in 1908 he designed a sea plane that couldland on water
-landed his "hydro ero plane" in a Naval Aviation
-Convinced the secretary of the navy to buy the 1st aircraft -
Social Darwinism
-Haves were rich people or people that had power
-if you were poor or not educated then it means that they dont deserve to have money or power & they were a have not
-concept behind Social Darwinism was racism, money, and power -
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Red Scare
-Xenophobia is the fear of foreigners
-many American were scared of the communist because the communist had overthrown Russia in 1917 & murdered them
-A series of bomb explosions in 1919, including an attempt on Mitchell Palmer, lead to a campaign against the communists -
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Harlem Renaissance
-The rise of power of African-Americans gaining civil rights
-Also known as the "New negro movement"
-Contributing factors leading to the Harlem Renaissance were the Great Migration of Africans-Americans to northern cities had created new industrial work opportunity for tens of thousands of people over 2 mil -
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Transcontinental Immigration
-After the war the need for unskilled labor went down, the US setup a quote system in order to limit immigration
-the immigrants who were already here were being discriminated & were forced to be americanized
-it affected their plans to go back to their country because of fear of not being able to return -
UNIAE
-Marcus Mosiah Garvey
-The members plede themselves to do all in their power to conserve the rights of their noble race and to respect the rights of all mankind believing always in the Brotherhood of man and the Fatherhood of God.
-North and the frustrations of struggling to cope with urban life set the scene for Garvey's back to africa movement -
19th Amendment
-Women around the country had been fighting for the right to vote for over 300 years
-women started voting in governmental elections and becoming involved in the political system -
Emergency Quota Act
Causes- # of immigrants had grown almost 600%
Ranging 141,000-805,000 people after WWI
Term- established max # of people who could enter the united states.
How its positive- allows immigrants that are already living in US have a secure job
Groups like the "kkk" strongly supported the era and National origins formula to reduce the # of foreigners coming to the US -
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National Origins Formula
-it established how many immigrants could enter the u.s restricted by origin discriminated people outside western Europe
-the gov't only allowed 2% of the population into the Nation
-the asian exclusion act was modified which barred asians completely out -
Langston Hughes
-poet & writer
-best known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance
-Negro speaks of rivers: Claims rivers as "ancient as the world" older than the blood that flows in your veins -
Teapot dome scandal
-Albert B Fall, a close friend of various oil executives, managed to get reserves transformed from the navy to the interior department
-Fall secretly leased the land to two private oil companies, including Henry Sinclair's mammoth oil company
-Fall received more than $400,000 in "bans, bonds, & cash" -
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Nativism
-A dislike of foreigners
-The red scare which had anarchists bombings
-The sacco & Vanzetti case
-Migration of Africans Americans from south to northern cities -
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Duke Ellington
-Influenced to the Harlem Renaissance he has in fact a musician jazz music also swing music
-He was known for being a American composer, pianist, and band leader of Jazz orchestra
-He influenced both and black and white people with his music because music doesnt have a racist -
scopes "monkey trail"
-high school teacher accused of teaching evolution in violation of a Tennesse state law
-the butler act did not allow the teaching of any theory that denied the biblical story of creationism -
Eugenics
-eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population
-The government under Theodore Roosevelt created a national hered -
First solo Transatlantic Flight
-the pilot name Charles Lindbergh his plane was called the spirit of st.louis -
Fats Waller
-Originated from African American communities of New Orleans in the U.S. during the late 19th & 20th century
-"Ain't misbehaving" song was written while "lodging" in Alimony prison and that is why he was not "misbehaving"
-Began a new radio program called "Rhythm Club"