-
Harsh Working Conditions
-10 cents an hr,12-14 a day,$8-$10 a week
-Children paid less than 10 cents an hr, f/ 14 hrs a day
-Women received between 1/3-1/2 the pay of men
-Machines were heavy and dangerous, some spit out black smoke, workers came out covered in black soot
-Working with workers who had cut of limbs & sick
-Workers were abandoned if an accident happen, wages stop, no attention
-Children and a physical deformities, b/c lack of sunlight & exercise
-Children and Women were abused -
Pendleton Act of 1883
-provided the federal government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and be selected through competitive exams
-in 1881 a unstable man assassinated James A. Garfield in protest against not obtaining a government job
-the public's reaction caused president Arthur to introduce this law
-patronage system practice where after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters
-merit system: process of promoting and hiring government employees based on their ability to perform a job -
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
-The reason for this law was to make railroad rates fair for all customers
-The power of the law was basically to regulate railroad prices
-This was the first federal law to regulate private industry in the US
-The importance of this law was to eliminate discrimination against small markets and establishing a "reasonable & just prices" standard
-The ICC was to enforce regulations & investigate allegations such as fraud, deception, & discrimination toward private businesses -
Assassination of President Garfield
-The assassin was Charles J Guiteau
-Shot at the presidentil twice, but only 1 bullet directly impacted him
-Reason Charles shot him was he turned down from a job by the president, mentally unstable, believe God told him to
-Charles wrote a peom,"I am going to the Lordy" to Garfield about his own death
-Garfield lived for a couple months but soon died from and infection -
People Party
Their idea were economic reforms, increase in money supply, graduated income tax, 8 hr workdays,immigration restriction, they wanted direct vote for senators
- Cause f/ these ideas were b/c they wanted people to have voice in their gov& the populist program kept alive the concept that the gov is responsible f/ reforming social injustice
-Populist president candidate James Weaver in 1893 won almost 10% pf the toal vote but lost to Grover C. f/ the democratic party -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
-Black train passenger, Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law
-By a 7-1 vote, the court said that a state law that "implies merely a legal distinction" between the two races did not conflict with 13th amendment forbidding involuntary servitude,nor did it reestablish such a condition
- The discussion established the doctrine of "separate but equal" which allowed states to maintain segregated facilities for blacks and whites as long as they provided equality -
Period: to
Mudracker
-Muckraker journalism was one of the magazine journalist who exposed the corrupt side of business public life in the early 1900's
-Journalists described immigrant ghettos + poor living conditions of tenement housing
-Muckracker condemned exploitation of childlabor & while slave traffic in women
-They exposed Rockefeller oil industry & his monopolist ways
-Authors like upton sinclair exposed the meat packing industry which led to the meat packing act & pure food + drug act -
The Jungle
-Written by muckraking journalist Upton Sinclair
- Focus was the human condition in the stockyards of Chicago & exploit the labor men & women for profit
-Magnified the sickening conditions of the meat packing industry
-As results of the making the public aware of the filthy & dangerous condition, each local gov. passed its own set of health codes as well as the meat inspection & the pure food & drug act -
Period: to
Social Gospel
-Settlement homes likes the Hull house with Jane Addams and religious groups helped start the "Social Gospel Movement"
-They believed that churchs had a duty to solve societys problems and reached salvation through serve to the poor
-They were criticized by others the social gospel movement because they did not believe their reforms could help
-The progressive era inspired reform activities like the Young Womens Christian Temperance Union -
NAACP
-W.E.B Du Bois, Ida B. Wells
-Founded to fight the Plessy vs. Ferguson
-The NAACP principal objective is to ensure political,educational, social, and economic equality of all minority groups and eliminate racism and the barriers of racial prejudice -
16 Amendment
-Allows the congress to levy an income tax on the people
-Its biggest effect was it shifted the balance of power to the federal government and away from the states
-Progressive favoring or advocating progress and change
-Revenue collective items or income of a person,state, etc.
-Tariff: tax or duty to be paid -
17th Amendment
-The senate of the U.S shall be composed of 2 senators from each state, elected by the people there of, for 6 years and each senator shall have one vote
-It changed the theory about who senators represented, shifting the focus from state governments to the residents of states
-Direct election: system of choosing political office holders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person -
Period: to
Progressive Party
-The founder of the Bull Moose party was Theodore Roosevelt
-He was defeated in the republic primaries & broke off
-The party advocated women suffrage , work mens comp, an 8hr workday, a minimum wage for women, federal law against child labor , and federal trade -
Federal Reserve Act
-caused by the nations need to strengthen how banks were run & quickly adjust amount of money in circulation & have enough money supply to keep up w/ the econ
-gave 12 federal reserve banks the ability to print many in order to ensure economic stability
-helped create the federal reserve system & centralized banking. known as "bankersbank"
-made the value of the U.S. dollar stronger by influencing the economy -
18th amendment 1
--caused by widespread belief that consumption of alcohol was deteriorating Americans health and causing criminal activities
-established the prohibition of alcohol beverages in the U.S. by declaring the production,transport, and sale or alcohol illegal
-instead of reducing crime, it created massive organized crime movements and corrupted public officials who took bribes -
18th Amendment 2
-Temperance restraint + moderation from drinking
-Prohibition: nationwide ban of alcohol
-Speak Easy: illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages
-Flapper: generation pf young western women in 1920s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their unacceptable behavior -
19th Amendment
-women wanted equality
-granted women the right to vote- a right known as suffrage
-helped women move closer to equality in all aspects of American life
-women educated for jobs, fairer wages, education, sex education and birth control -
Discovery of gold in the Klondike region
-The Klondike Gold Rush was an event of migration by an estimated 100,000 people prospecting to the Klondike region of north-western Canada only 30,000 actually made it to the Klondike
-Gold was discovered in many rich deposits along the Klondike river
-Newspapers created a hysteria that was nation-wide and many people quit their jobs and then left for the Klondike to become gold diggers -Many did not find gold many made money off the hardware store selling to the propecters