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Age of the steamboat
-Movement of Chicago that steamboats carried allowed raw materials, such as lumber & nails for housing and stores
-During return trip they carried materials, such as cotton which were important for the production of clothing
-America's economy prospered because of the steamboats
-By 1815, steamboats were the main vessels traveling the water -
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New Immigration #7
-Russians & Ukrainian Jesus came seeking refuge from religious oppression
-Wanted social mobility by the "rags to riches" american dream
-Seek employment, most new immigrants from southern European nations were indirect economic times w/ high unemployment & limited opportunity
-Growth in industrial development
-Settled in places such as NY, Boston, & Philly -
Captions of Industry Andrew Carnegie #14 A
-19th century industrialist
-Name " Captains of Industry" made in 1843
-Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry
-Controlled the most extensive integrated iron & steel operations ever owned by an individual in the U.S.
-He adopted the Bessemer process for steel making -
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Tammy Hall & Boss Tweed
-Represented Demo. Party
-Granted jobs & gov. building contract to ppl. who did him favors & encouraged judicial corruption in NYC
-Openly bought votes for politician in NY
-Embezzled city fund for NY
-New Irish immigrants were targeted to make vote in Tweed's favor in return for help W/ housing & jobs -
Homestead Act #3
-Opened up settlement in the Western U.S. allowing Americans & slaves to claim up to 160 acres of federal land
-Created a war w/ Native Am. to protect their tribal land from white settlement
-Gold in Cali., extended RR to expand Westward -
Morse Code
-A single-circuit telegraph that worked by pushing the operator key down to complete the electric circuit of the battery. This action sent the electric signal across a wire to a receiver at the end.
-Telegraph lines normally ran with the RR track since the RR used them 1st and the routes were laid out already
-Electric telegraph were to reduce the cost of sending a message compared to semaphores, and could be used non-stop, 24 hours a day, independent of the weather or daylight -
First transcontinental railroad in the U.S. #4
-RR sped up the transport to industries, which sped up the process of making goods
-Affected settlement allowing easy transport west
-People looked for land, cash crop, and new start
-Making farmers feel threatened w/ railroads monopolies
-Easy access to sell cattle for the cowboys/ farmers with crops -
Captains of Industry John D. Rockefeller
-He was the owner of standard oil company
-His money helped pay for the creation of university of Chicago to which he gave more than 80 million
-Helped found the Rockefeller institute for medical research in NY & Rockefeller foundation
-Standard oil got into the business itself with the purchase of pipelines & terminals setting up a system of transportation & distributing gas stations is HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION -
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Rise of the Labor Unions
-Labor Unions helped protect the rights of workers
-To be apart of labor unions workers apply for membership & pay dues
-The purpose of labor unions was to increase wages & benefits for members who helped stop child labor
-Went on strike, boycott, & sometimes violence would occur
-Employers attempted to combat the unions w/ Sherman's antitrust laws
-Employers wanted to exclude unions from their businesses -
Bessemer steel process #2
-the remodel of impurities f/ iron
-the Bessemer process revolutionized steel production , decreasing cost
-the process made steel 10x stronger than iron
-RR went further building, grew high due to the strength + low cost of steel -
Nast Vs Boss Tweed
-Boss Tweed filled important political positions w/ friends
-Controlled the NYC Gov. & Demo. Party
-Established a network of corruption known as " Tweed Ring"
-Thomas Nast oust Tweed w/ his cartoons & was convicted on charges of forgery & larceny
-Stole millions of money from NYC
-Escaped prison to Spain, he was captured and sent back to NYC
-He was identified in Spain for Nast Cartoons -
Chinese Exclusionary Act #9
-First significant restriction on U.S. immigration
-Prohibited all immigration of Chinese labors
-Act was originally intended to last for 10 year, but was renew in 1892 and made permitted in 1902 but was reveal by the magnums act in 1943 -
Hull House #10
-Located in Chicago Illinois
-Leaders (Jane Addams & Ellen Gates Starr)
-Purpose ( Aid the needy immigrants to assimilate to American customs
-Unique in this time period, because they were women -
Homestead Strike
-Carnegie Steel Co was determined to break the union
-Locking the workers out of the plant
-Frick ( companies Manager) sent for 300 Pinkerton guards but when they arrive they were met by 10 thousands strikers, many of them armed
-After an all-day battle, the Pinkerton's surrendered
-Carnegie & U.S. -
Pullman Strike #16 B
-George Pullman increased working hours, cut wages, and cut jobs caused from depression
-The workers who belonged to the american RR Union (Aru) protested and started the Pullman strike on may 11, 1894 and broke out -
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The Angel Island
-Was one entry into the US established by the US
-The gov. detain immigrants sometimes for years weeks to years before let them into the US
-Asian immigrants felt humiliated having to dis-rob in front of doctors
-Asian women were denied entry if they did not have a husband or father already in the country
-Asian immigrants were denied entry for small health problem live cough -
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Great Migration
-Job opportunities
-Voting was right
-Violence of hate -
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Cattle Drive Era
-Located in Texas, but ended in the mid-west where the trains were that took the cattle east
-Chicago & NY have more people, so the more the people the more they needed beef
-The new technology was barb wire that ended the open range -
Americanization Day #11
-Movement set about to reshape the era's image around themes of immigrants embracing american culture
-Across the country, immigrants and non-immigrants gathered to sing patriotic songs, recite the pledge of allegiance and listen to speeches
-Pros: spread of culture and assimilation of immigrants into the US
-Cons: takes away from immigrants sense of pride for they're native country -
Hay Market Riot #16 C
-Labor protest really near Chicago's Haymarket square turned into a riot, after someone threw a bomb at the police
-At least 8 police officers died
-8 radical labor act. were convicted in connection w/ the bombing
-Haymarket Riot was viewed as a setback for the organized labor movement in America -
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The Great Depression #17