-
Age of the steamboat
North river steam boats were built by Charles Browne, completed in 1807. It dominated trade through the United States. -
Morse Code
The first working telegraph produced in 1844.
Developed in 1830's and 1840's developed by Samuel Morse
Led to the inventions off the telephone, fax machine, internet, & iphones
Helped communicate quicker receive and send important messages
Been built in the railway systems, soon spread to mass communication; then installed in post offices -
Period: to
Tammy Hall & Boss tweed
They targeted the poor/new immigrants they offered them jobs & places to live in return for their vote
The gained power by using dishonest politicans to help steal N.Y. bank accounts
Tammany Halls favorite party was the democratic -
Period: to
William M. Tweed
They used dishonest politicans to gain control of N.Y. city
Supported neighborhoods of new immigrants by giving them help and jobs
Immigrants in the return with votes just how boss tweed wanted
Controlled democratic party in N.Y. -
Period: to
Cattle drive era
Cattle drives started in Texas ended in the Mid-West (Kansas or Nebraska) @ the RR lines
More beef was needed in the east coast due to the growing populating in big cities like Chicago & N.Y. -
Homestead act
Homestead act designed to grand public land in the west for agriculture
Native American populations diminsh with west settlement
Signed by President Lincoln -
Chinese Exclusionary act
First time american could freely from coats to coast
Markets expended and cheaper distribution
People moved to the East
Forced indians off their land
Ended long cattle drives
Framers had quick access to markets -
Period: to
Rise of labor unions
fought for wages & safer working conditions
It stopped child labor
Gave health benefits & provides aid to workers who were injured or retired actions
Unions rely on strike and boycott against co. sometimes the strikes led to violence
1st time African American were de-segregated & allowed to join unions -
First transcontinental railroad "pacific railroad"
The transcontinental RR united the nations
Framers were able to ship goods and crops -
John D Rockefeller "Captains of industry" (Horizontal integration)
The captains dominated the standard oil co.
standard began buying out its competitors
bought out thousands of acres of forest to block out the competitors from running their own pipelines
the men in league w/ J.D.R. bought off the people & things to stay on top to make $
These men were sometimes so ruthless they were given the name "robber barons"
J.D.R. lowered prices of oil from the co. he took over, his was the cheapest 7 other companies couldn't compete so they went out of business -
Period: to
Gilded ages and westward expansion
The gilded age was an era of rapid economic growth, especially in the North and west. American wages, especially for skilled workers, were much higher than in Europe, which attracted millions of immigrants
Railroads were the major industry, but the factory system, mining, and finance increased
Labor unions became important industrial areas
"This time period is characterized by economic growth, widespread poverty, westward expansion, and political corruption -
Bessemer steel process
The removal of impurities f/ iron
The bessemer process revolutionized steel production, de-ceasing cost
the process made steel 10 times stronger than iron
RR went further, building grew high due to strength & low cost of steel -
Hay market riot
Low wages dangerous working conditions
Labor protest near Chicago's hay market square
really turned the riot after someone threw a bomb and police government imposed death sentence on 7 men and 8 were sentenced to 15 years in prison and 4 men were hung -
Hull House
To provide higher civic and social life
Located in chicago, Illinois
Founded by Ellen G. Starr and Jane Addams
Both their leadership made women more politically influenced
Had more power among men -
Period: to
Ellis island
Some of the groups that arrived were southern Europeans
Immigrants had to perform physical and mental hexanes to ensure their admittance
Doctors would check the immigrants for health problems -
Andrew Carnegie "Captains of Industry"
Founded his steel company in 1892
In 1901 sold his company, merged it with other steel companies to make U.S. steel
Became a philanthropist after selling, donating to public libraries education system & science, spent 1.1 mill. constructing Carnegie Hall
Wrote "gospel of wealth" in 1889 about wealth should spend their money to help the poor. -
Homestead Strike
Frick sent 300 pinkerton & met 10000 strikers , a gun fight broke out till the national guard came to stop them
Carnegie wanted to break the union, Frick began locking the workers out of the plant
Government supported monopolist because they were being controlled with money -
Pull Man Strike
Manufacture of rail roads cars
Cut the already low wages of his workers abt. 25% but did not introduce corresponding reduction interest and other charges
American railroad way union striking
Small group 260000 joined
Refused to hitch cars refused to handle Pullmans cars
Federal injunction
Strikes & violent reaction ruined his reputation -
Period: to
Angel Island
Is in San Francisco bay, immigrants processed one million asian immigrants
Chinese & Japanese immigrants
Requirements many Chinese immigrants were forced to prove they had a husband or father & were in good health
Many Chinese when they got there were sent to jail b/c his or her country was weak or poor -
Period: to
Great migration
Pull factors to the north
Job opportunities
voting was a right
push factors
violence of hate
work to survive/ no jobs
migrated for the new job opportunities, black moved north to escape oppressive conditions of the south like lynching, unfair legal systems, inequality of education