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Ho Chi Minh made the announcement. In his speech, he began with words from the declaration of independence.
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French warships opened fire on the port city of Haiphong, killing some 6,000 Vietnamese civilians.
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The French and Viet Minh signed the Geneva Accords.
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In a news conference, Eisenhower warned that if Vietnam fell to communism, then the rest of Southeast Asia would topple like a "row of dominoes."
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A Buddhist rally opposing Diem's policies, South Vietnamese police killed nine demonstrators. Several Buddhist monks protested by publicly setting themselves on fire.
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The escalation that Senator Gruening feared, after the Viet Cong attacked a U.S. air base in the south.
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About 3,500 U.S. marines waded ashore at a beach near Da Nang, South Vietnam.
