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First national labor union was founded as the National Trades Union, open to workers from all trades. It only lasted a few years and no unions formed in the wake of the depressions of the late 1830s.
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This was a series of debates between two men who were running for Senate. Abraham Lincoln, "Honest Abe," and Stephen Douglas, "The Little Giant", had different views on political situations, so Lincoln challenged Douglas to debates. Douglas ultimately won the Senate seat.
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Califormia was admitted as a free state, but in the other territory aquired from Mexico, voters would decide the slavery issue for themselves (popular sovereignty).
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Elisha Otis developed a safety elevator that woudl not fall if teh lifting rope broke. This increased work in skyscrapers because people felt safer going up in high buildings.
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This book, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, was a powerful condemnation of slavery. Her main character, Uncle Tom, put a human face on slavery for readers who had never witnessed slavery firsthand. It increased antislavery sentiment in the North but angered southerners who argued that the book presented a false picture of slavery and the South.
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Southern proslavery forces attacked the town of Lawrence, Kansas. They looted homes, burned down the hotel, and destroyed the presses of The Kansas Free State newspaper. This sparked John Brown's midnight raid on the proslavery settlement at Pottawatomie Creek.
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Dred Scott sued for his freedom after having moved to free states then back into a slavery state. He lost the case, but this fired up abolitionists.
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Macy's was the first ever department store. It became the largest single store in America. its sale methods became the standard in large urban stores.
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This led to the thoughts of "Social Darwinism" which were that wealth was a measure of one's inhereit value and those who had it were more "fit".
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This is significant because this causes the southern states to go into a sucession and create the Confederate States of America. They do this because Lincoln is an abolitionist.
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The convention declated, without taking a vote, that South Carolina is now a suceded state.
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Buchanan tried to send troops and supplies to the forts in the suceded states but failed because the confederates attacked the ships.
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Seven suceded states created this new country. They created a new constitution which was designed to get the support of Britain and France. Some southerners didn't want the sucession and hoped for a compromise.
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The civil war started because the South was capturing the ships that were trying to go from the North to the South and bring supplies to the military forts. The suceded states' slaves were freed, helping the Northern army.
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Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus which meant that the military could make arrests without providing a civil reason. This was to prevent disloyalty to the Union.
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This was the document that freed all of the slaves in the territories of suceded states. This significantly helped the Northern military because many freed slaves enlisted.
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This along with aid from railroad companies made western farmland inexpensive. This helped with employment issues.
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This stated that any abled person under certain conditions could be pulled into the army at any time. This caused riots and protests to break out.
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Sherman uses the total war method which destroyed all resources necessary in order to sustain an army
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The Union wins the civil war and reconstruction in the south begins.
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Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. Andrew Johnson (VP) takes office and passes 13th amendment which abolishes slavery.
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The labor movement was the increase of city workers. This was helpful in the U.S.'s economy because mass production was possible and industry was booming.
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KKK was a secret society that tried to scare blacks away. They wore hoods to conceal their identity.
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14th amendment gave citizenship to all US-born people. 15th amendment gave voting rights to all males.
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Uriah Smith Stephens founded this labor union. he included all workers of any trade, skilled or unskilled. They actively recruited African Americans. The union functioned largely as a secret society, devoted to broad social reform such as replacing capitalism with workers' cooperatives.
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The Free Market indicated that businesses could operate with little government involvement.
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Protective tariffs were issued to encourage the purchase of US-made goods as opposed to imported goods.
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railroads and the telegraph allowed the number of corporations in America to increase dramatically.
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Yellowstone park was formed to preseve land from effects of pollution and industry.
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Rutherford B. Hayes wins election under the condition that troops will be pulled from the South. This causes the end of reconstruction.
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This helped industry in cities because they could work later since there was efficient lighting.
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People who invested in steel, railroads, meat, farm equipment, sugar, lumber, and a number of other enterprises had powerful epires
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Lamarcus Thompson opened the world's first roller coaster at ten cents a ride. He averaged more than $600 per day in income.
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the Interstate Commerce Commission monitored US businesses
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Streetcars powered by overhead cables was a revolutionary invention. It led to mass transit.
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This monitored trusts and put a stop to monopolies by making them illegal.
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By the end of the 1800s, nearly one in five children between the ages of 10 and 16 worked rather than attending school. Conditions were harsh for chlidren. social workers were beginning to get chlidren out of factories nad into child care of schools.
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San Francisco and Chicago had over 40% of their population consisting of immigrants.
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Jacob Riis wrote a book called "How the Other Half Lives." This was a book that brought the dangers and sanitary effects of tenaments to the attention of the public eye.
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European immigrants arrived here in America and were Americanized.
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Strike occured at one of Carnegie's steel plant. The union immediately called the strike. Pinkertons were brought in and killed several strikers, wounding many others. on July 23, an anarchist who had joined the protesters tried to assassinate Frick. Strikers won, but Carnegie shut down the plant.
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Boston solved the problem of cables blocking traffic by moving them underground. Many other major cities followed.
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Chinese and other Asian immigrants crossed at the Pacific Ocean, arriving in San Francisco Bay. They were processed at Angel Island which was formidable and seemingly designed to filter out Chinese immigrants.
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in 1910, there were six Italian-language papers. Over 10000 copies were sold daily. This was a result of Pulitzer wanting newspapers to appeal to a variety of different readers.
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in 1910, there were over 5000 high schools as opposed to a few hundred in 1870. This was due to social workers wanting children to be in school as opposed to working in dangerous factories.
