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Experiments in Early Governance
Jamestown’s House of Burgesses -
Experiments in Early Governance
Mayflower Compact -
Individual Rights
King Charles required to sign the Petition of Right -
Individual Rights
English Bill of Rights passed -
Road to Independence
Boston Massacre -
Dual Federalism
National government only had powers listed in Constitution -
Federalist paper Gazette of the United States published
The Gazette of the United States was the leading Federalist newspaper of the late 18th century. Editor John Fenno began the Gazette as a semiweekly newspaper, with the first edition appearing on April 15, 1789, in New York City, the nation's capital at the time. -
Whigs countered with National Gazette.
The Gazette of the United States was the leading Federalist newspaper of the late 18th century. Editor John Fenno began the Gazette as a semiweekly newspaper -
Freedom of Speech and of the Press
Protecting free speech can become difficult if the speech is unpopular
Government may not prohibit the expression of an idea because society finds the idea offensive or disagreeable. -
Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. -
Marbury v. Madison
Power of judicial review -
McCulloch v. Maryland
Maryland taxed the national bank -
Commerce Power
Gibbons v. Ogden -
American Political Parties
Democratic-Republican party split into today’s two major parties—Democrats, Republicans -
Gibbons v. Ogden
Power of Fed. Govt. To regulate interstate commerce -
Chief Justice John Marshall
Began to expand the power of the Supreme Court -
Seneca Falls Convention
First national woman's rights convention in the US
Called for equal rights in voting, education, and property -
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Court said that Scott, as an African-American and previously property, was not a citizen Gave him no legal standing to sue Called the “greatest disaster” of the Supreme Court -
Morrill Act
Granted large tracts of land to states; states sold land and used money for colleges -
Wyoming Territory was the first to grant women the right to vote
Wyoming Territory was the first to grant women the right to vote -
Changing roles
Population of US doubled -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Ended Chinese immigration to the US -
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Ruled segregation was legal as long as the facilities were equal “Separate but equal” doctrine -
16th amendment
gave Congress authority to set a federal income tax
Main source of US income -
19th amendment
gave women the right to vote -
Radio became the first form of electronic media
radio developed into the first electronic mass medium, monopolizing “the airwaves” and defining, along with newspapers, magazines, and motion pictures, an entire generation of mass culture. About 1945 the appearance of television began to transform radio's content and role. -
Native Americans
N. Americans granted citizenship -
Cooperative federalism
States and national governments worked together to deal with the Great Depression -
United States v. Miller (1939)
Ruled 2nd Amendment does not protect the right to have all types of weapons -
Minersville School District v. Gobitis
The Supreme Court ruled that a child could be expelled for refusing to salute the American flag or recite the pledge (these actions violated the child’s religious beliefs) -
United States v. Darby
Upheld Fair Labor Standards Act; Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate employment conditions -
Executive Order 9066
FDR required all people of Japanese descent on the West Coast to report to "War Relocation Centers" (internment camps) -
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
The court reversed itself and decided unity was not a sufficient reason to overrule religious beliefs.
Freedom of Speech and of the Press -
Korematsu v. the United States
Upheld involuntary internment of ethnically Japanese American citizens -
Television replaced radio as most influential electronic media
Television replaced radio as the dominant broadcast medium by the 1950s and took over home entertainment. -
The New Deal Era
The court saw Roosevelt's economic legislation as an assault on property rights Ruled that some New Deal programs violated the Constitution -
Brown v. Board (1954)
Ruled segregation is illegal "Separate is inherently unequal" -
Edwards v. South Carolina (1963)
187 African-American students gathered at the state capitol to protest racial injustice Students did not end the protest when police told them to and were arrested. Court said the state had no authority to disperse the students, as they were protesting legally. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Expanded rights of people accused of crimes -
Loving V. Virginia
Struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage -
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment. -
Freedom of Information Act
Government must release certain documents to the press and public upon request
Freedom of Speech and of the Press -
Tinker v. Des Moines
Schools couldn’t prevent students from protesting the Vietnam War -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. -
Issues in Federalism
Congress gave states authority to manage welfare systems with block grants -
Homeland Security:
to secure the nation from the many threats we face -
District of Columbia v. Heller
Ruled the 2nd Amendment protects an individual's right to keep and bear arms for self-defense -
D.C. v. Heller (2008)
Ruled 2nd Amendment right to bear arms includes the right to self defense -
McDonald v. Chicago (2010)
Ruled 2nd Amendment applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd Amendment -
Obergefell v. Hodges
Ruled states must grant and recognize same-sex marriage -
Primary Elections
2016 primary season ran from February to June 2008 Primaries play greatest role in determining candidates for president