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Ho Chi Minh’s Viet Minh forces defeat the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, effectively ending the 7 ½-year Indochina War. -
At a conference in Geneva, world powers agree to a divided Vietnam. Communists, led by Ho Chi Minh, control the North. The United States eventually supports an anticommunist government led by Ngo Dinh Diem in the South. -
Le Duan replaces Ho Chi Minh as First Secretary of the Vietnamese Communist Party in Hanoi. -
John F. Kennedy beats Richard Nixon in the U.S. presidential election, Lyndon B. Johnson is vice president. -
Southern revolutionaries, backed by the North Vietnamese Communist Party, form the National Liberation Front. Also known as the "Viet Cong". -
Self immolation of Buddhist monk Thich Quang Duc in Saigon creates outrage around the world and brings attention to the developing conflict. -
President Diem and his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu are murdered during a coup by dissident generals of the South Vietnamese army. -
Kennedy is assassinated and Johnson is sworn in as president. -
Two supposed incidents in the Gulf of Tonkin lead Johnson to seek congressional approval for direct U.S. involvement in Vietnam. -
In the Ia Drang Valley, American troops fight their first large scale battles against the North Vietnamese Army. -
During the "Tet Offensive", North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops launch surprise attacks against targets throughout South Vietnam. -
Over the course of four hours, American soldiers kill more than 500 civilians in and around My Lai. This was part of their "Search and Destroy Tactic.