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Summary of Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, 16 S. Ct. 1138, 41 L. Ed. 256 (1896).
was a reasonable exercise of the state’s police powers based upon custom, usage, and tradition in the state. Plessy filed a petition for writs of prohibition and certiorari in the Supreme Court of Louisiana against Ferguson, asserting that segregation stigmatized blacks and stamped them with a badge of inferiority in violation of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth amendments. The court found for Ferguson and the Supreme Court granted cert. -
Summary of Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, 16 S. Ct. 1138, 41 L. Ed. 256 (1896).
Plessy (P) attempted to sit in an all-white railroad car. After refusing to sit in the black railway carriage car, Plessy was arrested for violating an 1890 Louisiana statute that provided for segregated “separate but equal” railroad accommodations. Those using facilities not designated for their race were criminally liable under the statute.At trial with Justice John H. Ferguson (D) presiding, Plessy was found guilty on the grounds that the law was a reasonable exercise of the state’s police p -
NAACP
an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909. -
LULAC
1929 It is the oldest and most widely respected Hispanic civil rights organization in the United sates of America. LILAC was created at a time in our country’s history when Hispanics were denied basic civil and human rights, despite contributions to American Society. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States, holding the post from 1933 to 1945 during her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office. -
Federal housing authority
insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying. -
Social Security
was a legislative act which created the Social Security system in the United States -
Hector P. Garcia
was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum. -
Mendez v. Westminister
was a 1946 federal court case that challenged racial segregation in Orange County, California schools. In its ruling, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in an en banc decision, held that the segregation of Mexican and Mexican American students into separate "Mexican schools" was unconstitutional. -
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD
ended the segregation of Mexican American children in Texas. -
Edgewood v. Kirby
principles of the state constitution, which obligated the state legislature to provide an efficient and free public school system. Initially, eight school districts and twenty-one parents were represented in the Edgewood case. -
Edgewook v. Kirby
In Edgewood Independent School District et al. v. Kirby et al., a landmark case concerning public school finance, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fundqv filed suit against commissioner of education William Kirby on May 23, 1984, in Travis County on behalf of the Edgewood Independent School District, San Antonio, citing discrimination against students in poor school districts. The plaintiffs charged that the state's methods of funding public schools violated at least four princ -
Betty Friedan
an American politician and a leader of the Civil Rights movement -
Rosa Parks
civil rights leader, started the bus boycott -
Civil rights movement
a worldwide political movement for equality before the law occurring between approximately 1950 and 1980. -
Barbara Jordan
an American politician and a leader of the Civil Rights movement -
Sweatt v. Painter
was a U.S. Supreme Court case that successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. The case was influential in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education four years later. -
Dolores Huerta
is a labor leader and civil rights activist who, along with César Chávez, co-founded the National Farmworkers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers -
Summary of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, 74 S. Ct. 686, 98 L. Ed. 873 (1954).
This case is a consolidation of several different cases from Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware. Several black children (through their legal representatives, Ps) sought admission to public schools that required or permitted segregation based on race. The plaintiffs alleged that segregation was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.In all but one case, a three judge federal district court cited Plessy v. Ferguson in denying relief under the “s -
district court cited Plessy v. Ferguson in denying relief under the “separate but equal” doctrine. On appeal to the Supreme Court, the plaintiffs contended that segregated schools were not and could not be made equal and that they were therefore deprived
district court cited Plessy v. Ferguson in denying relief under the “separate but equal” doctrine. On appeal to the Supreme Court, the plaintiffs contended that segregated schools were not and could not be made equal and that they were therefore deprived of equal protection of the laws. -
Summary of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, 74 S. Ct. 686, 98 L. Ed. 873 (1954).
14 - Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post-Civil War issueJuly 9, 186815- Prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race, color, or previous condition of servitudeFebruary 3, 187019- Establishes women's suffrageAugust 18, 192024-Prohibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of poll taxesJanuary 23, 196425- Codifies the Tyler Precedent; defines the process of presid -
Summary of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, 74 S. Ct. 686, 98 L. Ed. 873 (1954).
presidential successionFebruary 10, 196726- Establishes the right to vote for those age 18 years or oldJuly 1, 1971 -
Hernandez v. Texas
decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. -
SCLC
January 1957 Established to coordinate the actions of southern protest groups. It was also lead by Martin Luther King Jr. and was an important part in the civil rights movement. -
Oval Faubus
politician. Notorious for calling out the Arkansas National Guard in 1957 to prevent nine negro students from entering Little Rock Central High School. -
Civil rights act of 1957
primarily a voting rights bill, was the first civil rights legislation enacted by Congress in the United States since Reconstruction following the American Civil War. -
Great society
as a set of domestic programs in the United States announced by President Lyndon B. Johnson at Ohio University and subsequently promoted by him and fellow Democrats in Congress in the 1960s. Two main goals of the Great Society social reforms were the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. -
Ceasar Chavez
was an American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association -
Affirmative Action
refers to policies that take factors including "race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or national origin” into consideration in order to benefit an underrepresented group "in areas of employment, education, and business" -
Lyndon B. Johnson
is one of only four peopl who served in all four elected federal offices of the United States: Representative, Senator, Vice President, and President. -
March on washington
one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history and called for civil and economic rights for African Americans. -
Civil rights act of 1964
It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public -
Voting rights act
outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S. -
Head Start
is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. -
Medicare
guarantees access to health insurance for Americans ages 65 and older and younger people with disabilities as well as people with end stage renal disease -
Upward bound
to provide certain categories of high school students better opportunities for attending college. -
NOW
an organization founded in 1966 and which has a membership of 500,000 contributing member’s set up for the advancement of women. -
SNCC
April 1960 Martin Luther King Jr. and others had hoped that SNCC would serve as the youth wing of the southern Christian Leadership Conference. -
UFWOC
a special place in history of farm labor organizing. It was the only successful union ever established to defend the rights of those who grow ad harvest the crops. -
Thurgod Marshal
civil rights leader; first African supreme court justice appointed to supreme court in 1967 and served for 24 years -
George Wallace
was an American politician and the 45th governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms -
Martin Luther King Jr.
was an American clergyman, activist, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. -
American Indian Movement
a Native American activist organization in the United States, founded in 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with an agenda that focuses on spirituality, leadership, and sovereignty. -
Tinker v. De Moines
was a decision by the United States Supreme Court that defined the constitutional rights of students in U.S. public schools. -
La Raza Unida
an American political part centered on Chicano Nationalism. -
Title IX
It states (in part) that:No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance -
Sonia Sotomayer
born june 25, 1954. Associate justice of supreme court of the united states.. third woman to serve on the supreme court