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European Technology
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Trench Warfare Developed
Developed trench warfare-- FAILURE, holes dug into ground where soldiers sheltered from artillery. Change: was a new method to fight. -
Control of Industrial Sectors
In Germany, industrial sectors, such as railways, administered directly by state. This was done to prevent food shortages and to regulate production. Change: Technology being manipulated by government to help with war efforts. -
Russia's GUM Stores
Russia’s GUM department stores spread, to promote consumerism for all of the people, not just the rich. Continuity: GUM stores failed, communism and consumerism did not mix well in Russia. -
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Consumption Goods Mass Produced
Rise of new mass consumption items, like radio. Change: technology becoming less of a priviledge, more of a commodity. -
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Production Changes
Europe imitated American production changes such as Henry Ford’s assembly line. Change: further increased industrial output. -
Collectivization Farms
Collectivization farms in Soviet Union form. Relates to technology: grouped together scarce equipment among peasants such as tractors and harvesters. Change: easier government control over peasants, speedup road to industrialization. -
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Entertainment Escapes
Escapes from the Great Depression developed, such as an Increase in Hollywood movies which put up a cheerful front, as well as comic books such as Superman. Change: technology was aimed at improving morale and mood, not solely dedicated to advancement. -
Holocaust
Adolf Hitler’s foreign policy turned to eliminating all Jews in Europe. Planned to accomplish this through concentration camps. Change: technology used in different methods to wipe out Jews systematically, such as gas chambers and crematoriums. -
Sputnik Launched
Sputnik sent into space by Soviet Union. Change: first space satellite, challenged U.S. in a space race. -
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Advancements in European Filmmaking
European filmmakers such as Ingmar Bergman, Jean-Luc Godard, and Michelangelo Antonioni retained clearer advantages in artistic films. Change: made Europe a center for experimental filmmaking, remaining more comfortable in the art than the U.S. -
Thesis
Although changes in European technology from 1914 to the present did not always have altering effects on the society, most of the time the new advancements were manipulated or led to changes.