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Tin Pan Alley
Tin Pan Alley was a section of New York City, in this area song writing and musical idea melded together to create popular American music. The popular styles were blues, jazz, and ragtime were mixed together. Popular music created in Tin Pan Alley, created a great deal of money by selling the songs they popularized. -
Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve System was the reformed of the banking industry by establishing 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks. These banks would serve as "banker's banks." It will further allow Federal Reserve to regulate money in a cycle to control the amount of money banks can lend. -
Marcus Garvey
Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican who was a political activist. Garvey was most known for his fancy uniforms and fiery rhetoric. Garvey showed his pride for his heritage, when Garvey was living in London he created the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Garvey's goal was to liberate all of African people all around the world. -
Frances Willard
Frances Willard was an outspoken voice during the Temperance Movement. Willard was the President of the National Women's Temperance Union. Willard also organized the Probation Party. The work that Willard and other reformers to pass the Eighteenth Amendment to banned alcoholic drinks which was successful. -
Prohibition
Prohibition was established by viewing how much liquor created poverty and crime. Women organizations wanted an end to selling any alcoholic beverages, this was what the women believed would stop destruction and protect families, for alcohol abuse affected women and children. The 18th amendment was established to eliminate any alcohol beverage to be sold, that was until the 21st amendment ended Prohibition. -
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism is the belief different human races fight to survive just like different plants and animals. Social darwinism was closely related to eugenics. The results of natural selection social darwinism is to be "survival of the fittest". -
Warren G. Harding's "Return to Normalcy"
Warren G. Harding was a former Ohio newspaperman as well as U.S. senator before becoming elected as President. The "return to normalcy" was the campaign slogan Harding made. The result caused for the whole nation to lean towards Harding. -
Jazz Music
Jazz was first brought up in New Orleans, then passed on to Chicago, New York then finally Kansas. Jazz affected different aspects of society, influenced jazz fashion, poetry, and industry were all affected by jazz. Famous jazz musicians were Louis Armstrong, King Oliver, Kid Ory, and Duke Ellington. -
The Great Migration
The Great Migration was a movement of African Americans who left the South to seek upon the "Promised Land" in the Northeast and Midwest. These African Americans went out to seek jobs in the industrial cities, far away from sharecropping jobs. African Americans also wanted to get away from the racism that occurred in the South. Harlem Renaissance was the place where lots of African Americans seek to live, there the African Americans lived as a true American. -
1st Red Scare (1920s)
The 1st Red Scare was started by fear and suspicion of any widespread sticks or attacks. The Red Scare was an anti-radical hysteria. This was a fear of immigrants and foreigns to come to America by the cause of WW1 and the Russian Revolution in 1917. -
Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance started from an uprise of middle class African Americans. In the Harlem Renaissance there was music, art, dance, visual arts that described the recognition of the African American community. This was the era in which African Americans felt liberate, they would start their journey by living like a true American. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
The Tea Pot Dome Scandal was caused by Warren Harding, who appointed his personal friends who were dishonest. The scandal consisted of one friend giving oil-rich government lands from Teapot Dome to two other business friends in exchange for personal goods. The scandal was the worst in U.S. history. Harding made the wrong decision to put his personal friends in charge of important responsibilities. -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford was an engineer for the early automobile manufacturer. Ford made sure all his automobiles could be affordable for everyone. By the 1920s, Ford was making about 1.6 million cars a year, each car cost less than $300. Ford's production of cars was very successful, he had the amount to double wages overnight while having effective prices. -
Clarence Darrow
Clarence Darrow defended the Scopes "Monkey Trail". The trial consisted in Tennessee banishing the teaching of Darwin's Theory of Evolution because it contradicted the Biblical teaching of creation. One teacher was arrested because of teaching Darwin's Theory, which led to this court case. Darrow cross-examined William Jennings Bryan in the court with the biblical contradictions of the text. -
William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan was a special prosecutor in the scopes "monkey trail". Bryan was against Clarence Darrow who defended Scopes, Scopes become the first in America to broadcast the trail over national radio. Bryan's argument was strongly towards the Bible, looking over to verses in the Biblical text. -
Scopes Monkey Trial
The Scopes "Monkey Trail" was based on John Scopes, a biology teacher, was arrested for teaching evolution in his class. During this trail there was a national attention for older religious beliefs arguing against scientific theories. During the trial, William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor while Clarance Darrow was the attorney defending John Scopes. At the end of the trial Scopes was convicted to have taught evolution, but later his fine was set aside. -
Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes was an author and poet in the time of the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes expressed his pride of his heritage while there was still racism going on. Hughes expressed his pride through his literature, he is recognized as one of America's best poets. He was on of the most popular writers in the Harlem Renaissance. His writing was a new mood for readers to read, to read about the life living as an African American at this time. His famous poem was The Weary Blues. -
Charles A. Lindbergh
Charles A. Lindbergh was the first person to ever fly across the Atlantic Ocean. Lindbergh made his flight in a single-engine plane, the plane was named "The Spirit of St. Louis". Lindbergh's flight started from Roosevelt Field on Long Island to landing in Paris after 33 hours later. This was an historic flight because Lindbergh went on for 33 hours through fog and ice, along with little to no sleep to make a landing to Paris. -
The Great Depression
The Great Depression was the time period in which businesses failed, high percentage of unemployment, and falling prices. The Great Depression was the worst depression in America, it was caused by overproduction, the manufactures were making too much product for lots of consumers to by. Making too much production at a high price without getting any products bought fell into a crisis which lasted for a decade. -
Stock Market Crash "Black Tuesday"
The stock market crash was the cause of the Great Depression. Many investors bought or sold or exchanged stocks at the New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street in Manhattan. By 1929, all stocks went down lower the prices, thus leaving investors to make little money or empty handed. -
Dorothea Lange
Dorothea Lange was a woman who suffered polio ever since she was twelve, living at home with only a mother, her father had abandon the family. In a difficult atmosphere she grew up, it gave her a deep sense of other people's sufferings. During the Great Depression, Lange was hired by the government to take pictures of the effects of the Great Depression. Her pictures showed her compassion for the poor and destitution all around her. -
The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl was caused in the Great Plains where crops were grown. This disaster was man-caused, farmers tilled the Great Plains, cutting grasses that covered the topsoil, this created many droughts. Along with droughts, dried crops and topsoil caused the soil to turn into dust. This dust later became haunting to farmers, the dust bury homes and eliminate harvest. Many farmers were forced to leave this homes and move to California. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt became president during the crisis of the 1930s, the Great Depression. Roosevelt made a promise to America to repair the crisis and put things back to normal. Roosevelt's leadership skills were different from Hoover's, Roosevelt was a great communicator and constantly addressed the nation by the radio. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt's wife, became the First Lady during the 1930s when her husband was elected president. Eleanor was a political activist and was spoke for women's rights, peace and the poor. Eleanor had rallied women by her book ,It's Up to the Women. -
The New Deal
The New Deal was Franklin D. Roosevelt program to get America out of the Great Depression. When Roosevelt was in office, he had Congress go into a special session to let the New Deal pass through. Much of the New Deal was enacted by Congress in 100 days. The New Deal consisted of "Relief, Reform, Recovery." -
20th Amendment
The 20th Amendment states when the president and vice president's terms is done and also explains who succeeds the president if the president dies. The 20th Amendment states that the president and vice president will end their term on January 20. The cause of the amendment was caused by the economy disaster when Roosevelt was chosen as president over Hoover. -
"Relief, Recovery, and Reform"
Relief is the measure of short-term actions to help people until the economy system was repaired. Recovery was made to increase incentives to produce and to remake people's purchasing power. Reform is the measures that targeted the defects of Americans economy, reform was made to ensure that the Depression won't repeat itself. -
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FCIC)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was created to insure bank deposits. Bank deposits are made to secure people's money and would not lose it in their savings in another event the bank fails to recover the money. This was apart of the reform legislation during the New Deal. -
21st Amendment
The twenty-first amendment was passed to repeal Probation. Most Americans saw the Probation as a failure. Several people disagreed with Probation and wanted alcohol back. Lots of people had drank even if it was illegal, even President Harding had drunk alcohol in the White House. -
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Tennessee Valley Authority was established to prevent the Federal government to create and send out cheap electricity into rural areas. TVA's plan was to modernize the region's infrastructure by creating dams this would help the people's economy and social lives. Another benefit was that TVA would provide people with more jobs, which was a need during the Great Depression. -
Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC)
Securities and Exchange Commission was made to watch the stock market. This would prevent the stock market from fraud and protect it against another stock market failure. This was a "reform" legislation during the New Deal. -
Social Security Administration (SSA)
Social Security Administration was the most important of the New Deal. It gave insurance to workers who are unemployment, old age pensions, and insurance for those who die early. Workers and the employers all get paid new contributions to fund their benefits.
