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Monroe Doctrine
doctrine that European nations should not interfere with American nations or try to acquire more territory in the Western Hemisphere -
Nativism
the political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants. -
Indian Removal
signed by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Indian tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their lands. -
Industrialization
the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. -
Manifest Destiny
Belief that the US was destined to stretch across the continent; idealistic, sent by God, not for economic or territorial reasons -
Bessemer Process
the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. -
Homestead Act
encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land. -
Populism
political approach that seeks to disrupt the existing social order by solidifying and mobilizing the animosity of the "commoner" or "the people" against "privileged elites" and the "establishment". -
Progressivism
the support for or advocacy of improvement of society by reform. As a philosophy, it is based on the Idea of Progress, which asserts that advancements in science, technology, economic development, and social organization are vital to the improvement of the human condition. -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
passed by Congress and signed by President Chester A. Arthur. This act provided an absolute 10-year moratorium on Chinese labor immigration. -
Haymarket Riot
was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday, May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago. -
Dawes Act
adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. -
Klondike Gold Rush
was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1896 and 1899. -
Initiative & Referendum
powers reserved to enable the voters, by petition, to propose or repeal legislation or to remove an elected official from office. -
Yellow Journalism
a US term for a type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers -
Recall
a request to return a product after the discovery of safety issues or product defects that might endanger the consumer or put the maker/seller at risk of legal action. -
Immigration & American Dream
Immigrants is associate the American dream with opportunity, a good job and home ownership. The United States offers a less hierarchical society that provides more opportunity -
Susan B Anthony
an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. -
Pure food and DrugAct
preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes. -
Social Gospel
a movement led by a group of liberal Protestant progressives in response to the social problems raised by the rapid industrialization, urbanization, and increasing immigration of the Gilded Age. -
16th Amendment
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. -
Urbanization
the process of making an area more urban. -
17th Amendment
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. -
Dollar Diplomacy
a form of American foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. -
Federal Reserve Act
the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, -
The Gilded Age
an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding. -
Andrew Carnegie
a Scottish-American industrialist, business magnate, and philanthropist. Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century and is often identified as one of the richest people ever. -
Theodore Roosevelt
American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, and naturalist, who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. -
18th Amendment
After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. -
19th Amendment
prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
a bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1921 to 1922, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. -
William Jennings Bryan
an American orator and politician from Nebraska. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, standing three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States. -
Eugene V. Debs
an American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States -
Robber Barons ( Captain of Industry)
Some 19th-century industrialists who were called "captains of industry" overlap with those called "robber barons". -
Ida B Wells
, more commonly known as Ida B. Wells, was an African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, feminist, Georgist, and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement. -
Jane Addams
the "mother" of social work, was a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. -
Clarence Darrow
an American lawyer, a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, and a prominent advocate for Georgist economic reform. -
Upton Sinclair
an American writer who wrote nearly 100 books and other works in several genres. Sinclair's work was well known and popular in the first half of the 20th century, and he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1943. -
Muckraker
one who inquires into and publishes scandal and allegations of corruption among political and business leaders," popularized 1906 in speech by President Theodore Roosevelt, in reference to "man ... with a Muckrake in his hand" in Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" -
Political Machines
a political group in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.
