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Civil Disobedience
the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power. -
Sharecropping/ Tenant Farming
sharecropping is when a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.
tenant farming is when landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management -
Black Codes
These laws had the intent of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
13th Amendment
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. -
14th Amendment
granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.
no state shall deny to any person... equal protection of the law -
15th Amendment
granted African American men the right to vote -
Jim Crow Laws
laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. -
Lynching
to kill someone by hanging them, for an alleged offence with or without a legal trial. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
This case declared people to be "seperate but equal". meaning that all blacks and whites had equal rights, but they were seperated by color. -
19th Amendment
guarantees all American women the right to vote.
several generations of woman suffrage supporters lectured, wrote, marched, lobbied, and practiced civil disobedience to achieve what many Americans considered a radical change of the Constitution. -
20th Amendment
sets the dates at which federal United States government elected offices end. -
Federal Housing Authority
It sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building. -
Desegregation
Ending the seperation of races. -
Hector P. Garcia
became known as the "doctor to the barrios," offering low- and no-cost treatment to impoverished patients.In 1948, he founded the American GI Forum, organizing veterans to fight for educational and medical benefits, and later, against poll taxes and school segregation. A proud member of the Greatest Generation -
Nonviolent Protest
protests with no violence. Such as sit-ins or not moving from your seat on a segregated bus -
Brown V. Board
This case regarded desegregation in schools. the court ruled that segregation in public schools is prohibited. This was declared by the supreme court in 1954. -
Rosa Parks
-Refused to get up from her seat on a segregated bus
-Was arrested for making that action\
-Wrote a book about the event
-Was a member of the NAACP -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
- A result of Rosa Parks arrest -Political and Social Protest -People stopped riding the busses -This protest was aginst racial segregation
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Orville Faubus
-Governor of Arkansas
-Best known for his stand in the desegregation of little rock highschool where he ordered Arkansas National Guard to stop African American students from entering the school.
-President Eisenhower sent the U.S Army to escort the students to and from school for a year. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
1st civil rights legislation since recontruction.
protected voting rights.
established federal civil rights commission. -
Sit-Ins
African Americans would go into a place where only white people were served and they would sit there until closing time as a non violent protest. They would get beat by people but they would keep going back. -
George Wallace
Governor of Alabama; ran for U.S. president 4 times.
pro-segregationist.
"i say segregation today, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever." -
Affirmative Action
steps taken to increase the representaion of women and minorities in areas of employment education and businesses from which they had been historically excluded. -
Cesar Chavez
Cesar Chavez was an American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association -
Martin Luther King Jr.
-Leader of the Civil Rights Movement
-Advocated Nonviolent civil disobedience and demanded equal rights for blacks including desegregation in all public facilities and life.
-Preacher
-Was arrested for protesting
-Assasinated in 1968 by James Earl Ray, his death sparked riots all over america. -
24th Amendment
prohibits any poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
abolsihed racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers.
coould not be denied hire or fire for any above reasons.
ended unfair voting requirements. -
Head Start
promotes school readiness of children under 5 from low-income families through education, health, social and other services. -
Betty Friedan
Writer, feminist and women's rights activist Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963) and co-founded the National Organization for Women. -
Lester Maddox
Governor of Georgia; former restaurant owner who refused to serve blacks. he was a segregationist, however he oversaw many improvements to black employment rights as governor. -
26th Amendment
changed a portion of the 14th amendment.
The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. (right to vote at age 18) -
Title IX (9)
is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity. -
Upward Bound
a national program that more than doubles the chances of low-income, first-generation students graduating from college so they can escape poverty and enter the middle class. -
Thurgood Marshall
-Distinguished lawyer.
-Argued and won Brown v. Board of education.
-Worked for NAACP.
-1st African American Supreme court justice.
-Established a record for supporting the voiceless American.