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Proclamation of 1763
This act prohibited British American colonists from settling on lands acquired from the French following the French-Indian War because the gov wanted to avoid wars and protect fur trade, and keep the Western land under their control. The colonists rebelled against this law because they felt like they were under strict control of England. -
Sugar Act of 1764
This act taxed sugar. The colonist would protest because of taxation without representation and could lose their businesses. -
Currency Act of 1764
It prohibited (regulated) the printing of paper money because the colonial currency had been high and to protect the merchants. The colonists protested because they thought this act was unjust. -
Stamp Act of 1765
This act imposed a tax on all papers and official documents in the American Colonies not in England though because they needed help paying for the war and the British troops stationed in the colonies. The colonists argued that there should be no taxation without representation because they were forced to pay a tax (taxation without representation) -
Quartering act of 1765
This act stated that Great Britain would house its soldiers in American barracks and public houses because they were in debt from the war and to greatly increase the empires defense cost. The colonists resented and opposed this act because they saw it as taxation without representation. -
Declaratory Act 1766
Declaration by the British Parliament that accompanied by the repeal of the Stamp Act because the British government needed to assert their authority to tax people in North America. The colonists were outraged because this act hinted more acts were coming. -
Townshend Act of 1767
This act initiated taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper and tea because they needed help paying the expenses involved in governing the colonies. The colonist had riotous protests because of taxation without representation. -
Boston Massacre 1770
The Boston Massacre was the British troops vs the colonists . The cause was the angry colonists about all the acts but manly the Quartering act. The effect was colonists threw snowballs (ice) at the soldiers, called them names, and taunted them. Shots were fired by the British troops and 5 colonists were killed and 6 were injured. -
Tea Act of 1773
This act granted the British East India Company Tea a monopoly on tea sales in the American colonies. This saved the East India Company from bankruptcy. The colonists never accepted the constitutionality of the duty on tea because they believed that the tea act was a way to gain colonial support for the already in forced tax. -
The Boston Tea Party 1773
The Boston Tea party's cause was the colonists didn't want taxed tea. The effect was the Sons of Liberty dressed up as Native Americans and dumped all the tea from three ships when they brought a new supply to the colonists. The loyalist were very angry. -
Intolerable Acts of 1774
A series of four acts that were the Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act and these act were made to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party. The colonists protested and organized because it was a violation of their constitutional rights, their natural rights, and their colonial charters. -
The Battles of Lexington and Concord 1775
The purpose for these wars for the colonists was to gain their independence and to stop the British and the British's purpose was to suppress the possibility of rebellion by seizing weapons from the colonists. The effect for the British was they lost (both battles), more dead men, ambushed (harassed) for 12 miles and the effect for the colonists was they got 20,000 more men to fight with them and made the Continental Army, they won both. -
Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill) 1775
The colonist purpose was to help delay British operations to take Charlestown and Dorchester Heights and the British's purpose was to claim hills and land. The colonists got to the better hill (bunker hill, taller, Cambridge road) while the British went to the wrong hill (Breed's hill that is smaller, further away). The effect was the British lost more men but overran the Colonists, while the colonists were trying to assemble more soldiers. British won (got the hill). Was the bloodiest Battle. -
Declaration of Independence
It is a document approved by the the continental congress for the US to gain their independence and to unite all 13 colonies together. Which also announced the creation of a new country. -
Battle of Trenton
The British leader was Colonel Johann Rall and the American leader was General George Washington. Johann got wounded and surrendered. The casualties were: 5 American and 905 British. The significance was Washington learned battle tactics and gave hope to Americans to make them less scared of the British. -
Battle of Saratoga
The leader for the British was John Burgoyne and the American leader was Horatio Gates. The Americans won and ended the British's plan to invade Albany from Canada, damaged British's finances. The significance was that the French noticed them and signed a peace treaty with the Americans. -
Valley Forge
The American leader was George Washington and the French leader was Gerhard Augustin von Steuben. Washington Army had 12,000 soldiers and 400 woman settle and called it Valley Forge and 2,000 colonists died from the extreme winter. The significance was having soldiers together and to fight together. -
Battle of Yorktown
The British leader was General Charles Cornwallis and the Franco-American leaders were General George Washington and Admiral Francios de Grasse. British reinforcements were cut off by Admiral Grasse who drove them out of Chesapeake bay and Cornwallis surrendered after losing hope. The significance was this was the last battle of the American Revolution and was the start of a new Country. -
Treaty of Paris
John Addams, Benjamin Franklin, and John Joy were the three men that signed this treaty to make it official. This meant that the Americans won and the British Lost. The significance was they gained more land for colonies, Growth to make America wealthy, gave power, and ended American Revolution. -
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Westward Expansion
Westward expansion is the expansion of the west coast of North America and manifest Destiny is the belief in expansion in North America. It included many slave states and many slave free states. Our nation was working together to expand and conquer over more land. -
3/5 Compromise
The 3/5 compromise was the slave states (southern) wanted to include their slaves into their population but the free states (northern) thought that was unfair because they didn't have slaves and didn't count them as people. So the government determined that 3 out of the every 5 slaves that were counted determined a states population. This lead to lot of separation between the North and the South. -
States Rights (10th Amendment)
This gave the states their rights so the states could make laws. There were no laws about slavery in the U.S. The federal government ca take power from the states. This was reserved for the states and helped each state. -
McCulloch v. Maryland
The government put a tax on whiskey to start paying off the debt from the Revolutionary war. In Penn. farmers distilled grain into whiskey, but this tax created a dwindling cash supply that decreased the profits of a distiller and limited cash available to pay farmers for their harvest.People from Penn. started to protest violently. George Washington sent 13,00 soldiers to them to use military force to calm things down. -
XYZ Affair
France began to attack American ships. President Addams sent 3 Americans to negotiate peace. The french foreign minister refused to meet so instead he sent 3 representatives known as X,Y,Z. Those reps. demanded money to speak to the minister and the Americans were insulted. When the news broke out federalist wanted war.A -
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Act- the president could imprison or deport anyone considered to be dangerous who was not a U.S. citizen Sedition Act- Law stating it was a crime to speak, or publish and "false, scandalous, and malicious criticism of the government" -
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Anti-feds were mad about these 2 new acts and that they were an abuse of power. These resolutions argued the acts were unconstitutional. The Kentucky Resolution insisted states could nullify laws they found unconstitutional. This showed that the states could challenge the federal government. -
Embargo Act
Embargo means to stop sending ships for trade. The embargo acts purpose was to weaken the British and French to make them stop attacking by cutting off their ship trade.The president is authorized to enforce the embargo. The goal was to pressure but to not have a war (stay neutral) -
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The Underground Railroad
Whites and some free blacks worked together to resist against enslavement by helping enslaved people escape slavery. They would run away into the Northern states and Canada where slavery is illegal. They usually traveled by foot, horse, or wagon while it was dark out. They were able to get one hundred thousand slaves free with this tactic. -
War of 1812
Started because France and England were destroying Americas ships. The 3 measures they went through were first Sent and representative to France to negotiate (XYZ affair). The 2 measure was Creating the Alien and Sedition act. The 3 measure was the Embargo act. All 3 measures have worked terribly for the U.S. Many people were anti-war but many were pro- war, like president James Madison. If you were anti- war you were considered to be "protecting" the British or helping them. -
McCulloch v. Maryland
Maryland tried to close the Baltimore branch of the national bank and the state passed a law that required all banks created outside of the state to pay a large tax. James McCulloch the manager of the Baltimore branch, reused to pay that tax. Maryland sued McCulloch. The supreme court ruled in favor of McCulloch because the congress decided that congress did not have the power to create a national bank and that states did not have the power to tax it. -
Compromise of 1820- Missouri Compromise
The Missouri compromise made Missouri a slave state and Maine a free state to keep the balance of free and slave states and it outlawed slavery at the 30° 36° latitude line. This compromise was trying to keep the north and the south from hostility. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine declared that the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to European colonization and that the U.S. would view any attempt by European powers to interfere in the affair of the Americans as a hostile act against the U.S. -
Nat Tuner's Rebellion
An enslaved man named Nathaniel Tuner led this rebellion of enslaved people. He enlisted around 75 other enslaved people to work with him. In a violent disorganized uprising ended up killing 55 white people. After Turner hiding for six weeks he got found and was hung with 16 other of his followers. This resulted to harsher laws against enslaved people and deepens the disagreement between pro-slavey states and people and the free states and people. -
Frederick Douglass Escaping Slavery- 1838
Frederick escaped enslavement at 20 years old by disguising himself as a sailor and getting on a train to the North. He arrived in New York City and declared himself free. After that he became abolitionist of slavery. He was also know as an author due to the release of his book about his life in 1845 which got him lots of attention. -
Harriet Tubman Escaped Slavery- 1849
Harriet Tubman was a slave that escaped at 27 years old, but then went back to help other slaves escape. She made about 13 missions to free others and ended up rescuing 70 enslaved people. She was know to be the conductor of the Underground Railroad and worked with the Underground Railroad for 11 years. She also worked as a Civil war scout and spy. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 was when the U.S. added the Mexican Cession to the Oregon Territory so they made California a free state. They also shrunk Texas so they gave Texas $10 million for their debt, slave trade is banned, fugitive slave law is passed, and UT and NM got to vote as states. This compromise was a temporary solution for the nation and so the Southern and Northern states are mutual. -
Fugitive Slave Law
The fugitive slave law stated that slaves must go back or be returned to their owners even if the state you're in is free. If a slave were to escape their owner it is the governments job to find them and send them back to their owners. This law was part of the Compromise of 1850. This had increased the tension between the North and South over slavery. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was made by President Abraham Lincoln 3 years into the civil war. The Proclamation stated that all enslaved people are free. This gave all enslaved people the chance to live a free life in the U.S which saved our nation to come back together.