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Proclamation of 1763
It prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains. The government did this to make peace with the Indians, but the colonists violated it because they were scared they would overpopulate. -
Sugar Act (Revenue Act)
The act made more taxes on Molasses, sugar, and other goods from outside the colonies. It also regulated the export of iron and lumber. The government did this to make up debt from the 7 years war and the colonists protested it because they needed molasses to make rum and rum was a very big part of their economy. -
Currency Act
The act prohibited colonies from using their own currencies. The government did this to protect merchands from deprecated colonial currencies, but the colonists refused to pay and protested because it took away their rights to regulate their banking systems. -
Stamp Act
It taxed items that were being sold inside the colonies.The government did this to help pay off debt from the 7 years war. The colonists protested "No taxation without representation" because they were losing their well-deserved money. -
The Quartering act
It required colonists to provide housing, feeding, and supplies for the British troops in North America, and the government did it as a punishment for the Boston tea party, but also because they couldn't afford to pay for the housing because they were already in debt. Some colonists refused to do so because they had to pay taxes and provide for the soldiers and let them live on their own private property. -
Declaratory Act
The act stated that parliament could make laws for the American Colonies in any situation, and the government did this to show colonists that parliament had a right to tax them. The colonists didn't really get mad about this and ignored it because they were busy celebrating the repeal of the stamp act. -
Townshend Revenue Act
The act taxed paper, paint, lead, glass, tea, and other goods. The government did this to make up for debt from the 7 Years War. The colonists boycotted this act because it was taking their rightfully earned money. -
Boston Massacre
In the town center of Boston, a group of colonists and soldiers got into a conflict that resulted in 5 colonist casualties. There are different accounts of who's to blame, so no one knows the truth, but according to sources, the colonists threw something at British soldiers, who then fired into the crowd. The event caused a lot of tension between the colonists and the British. -
Battle of Trenton
Battle led by General George Washington against the British and Hessians. The Americans won which was good because they needed a victory. This united the armies. -
The Tea Act
The tea act gave all control of trade and delivery of tea to the East India Tea Company, it also added taxes on tea. This happened to keep the company from going bankrupt. The colonists had the Boston Tea Party in result of this. The colonists did this because they wanted to stop the taxes on tea- they were REALLY mad. -
Boston Tea Party
After the tea act, and other acts taxing goods angered colonists seized hold of multiple ships and started throwing crates of tea into the water. This bothered parliament, and as punishment, they passed the Quartering act. -
The Intolerable Acts
4 acts, the Boston Port, Massachusetts government, Administration of Justice, and Quartering acts. These were punishments for having the Boston Tea Party. The colonists boycotted this and went on strike and they did it because they ere mad that the British were abusing the colonist's rights. -
Battles of Lexington and Concord
This battle was fought between the British and the Minute men. The Colonists fought because they wanted to protect the colonies, while the British fought because they wanted to get their supplies back. In the end, the Americans won with less than a third of the British casualties and gained a great amount of confidence. -
Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill)
A battle fought between the British and the colonists over Bunker hill. Both sides wanted to control the hill because then they were also able to control what entered and left Boston Harbor. In the end, the Britsh win, but the colonists are still motivated because they were able to put up a good fight against the trained English soldiers. -
Declaration of Independence
The founding document of the United States of America. This was the final point when the colonies officially decided to separate from England. It states the founding beliefs that America lives on. This was written to the king, the colonists, and other countries. -
Battle of Saratoga
Americans were led by Peter Gansevourt. The Americans won because the British surrendered. The French joined the colonists in battle. And since another battle was happening in Albany at the same time, the win motivated more people to help and join the fight in Albany. -
Valley Forge
Led by George Washington and Baron von Steuben led the Americans to victory. Even though the Americans won, they lost more than 2000 to malnutrition and disease. Still, this helped the colonists regain confidence. -
Battle of Yorktown
Led by George Washington. Washington finds out the Brits plan to go to Yorktown for reinforcements. Wahington, American troops, and french allies go there and beat the British. -
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Abolitionism
Abolitionism focuses on financial and social efforts to end slavery and provide support for current and freed slaves. Examples of their work include influencing legislation in favor of ending slavery, helping slaves escape using the Underground Railroad, and providing jobs and financial support to newly freed slaves. Abolitionism is directly related to sectionalism because it supports a certain group, and wants to abolish slavery rather than helping a country come together and compromise. -
Treaty of Paris
A treaty established America's Independence and its boundaries. And was negotiated on the Mississippi River.Americans sent John Jay, John Adams, Henry Lawrence, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin to negotiate with the British. -
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Westward Expansion
As the US expanded westward and added new territory to the nation, it caused issues with deciding about slavery in new territories. With these new territories came different needs and ideas in different regions of the country, causing sectionalism leading Americans to be more loyal to their region rather than to the country as a whole, which is one of the main auses of the Civil war. -
3/5 Compromise
Population determined a lot of things, like how many representatives the state had, & the South wanted slaves to count towards the #. The North didn't want slaves to count because they didn't own as many and they opposed slavery. So the 3/5 compromise was made- only 3/5 of the slaves would count toward the pop. & no new slaves could be sent to the US. This relates to sectionalism as it was made to prevent conflict between the two sections rather than benefit the country as a whole. -
The Whiskey Rebellion
Because there was debt from the revolutionary war, Washington decided to tax Whiskey. This bothered citizens of Pennsylvania because their economy relied mainly on Whiskey and goods like that. Because they felt this tax was unfair, they decided to rebel and not pay their taxes. Soon, violence broke out, and they started to threaten the tax collectors. Wahington had to use military force to fix this problem. -
States' Rights (10th Amendment)
The 10th Amendment gave states the power to determine anything/ make any rules about things that weren't mentioned in the Constitution. This relates to sectionalism because it is giving power away to the separate sections, as opposed to keeping it for the nation and promoting unity, making the country stronger as a whole. -
XYZ Affair
When the French started to attack the US, Adams sent 3 Americans to negotiate. French foreign minister sends 3 reps instead of showing up himself. The reps are known as X, Y, and Z. When the Americans requested to see the minister; the reps said they could in exchange for money. This insulted Americans and many wanted to go to war with France -
Alien & Sedition Acts
After the XYZ affair, Americans were scared immigrants would agree with the french. This caused congress to pass the Alien and sedition acts.
Alien act: President could incarcerate or banish anyone who they thought to be dangerous and who wasn't a citizen
Sedition act: Law saying it's illegal to speak badly or publish something fake and anything that criticizes the government. -
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Democratic-Republicans thought Alien and Sedition acts gave too much power to the federal government. They thought these were unconstitutional because it got in the way of the rights given to the states by the constitution. The acts expired after Adam's term as president. this set the precedent that the states could change the way the federal government works. -
Embargo Act
The embargo act was created to make England and France stop attacking their trade ships. The act ensured that American ships couldn't leave the port for any foreign destination, ensuring that there would be no trade with European nations. If this worked, it would negatively impact Europe's economy. Unfortunately, this was unsuccessful, and it greatly hurt the US economy. -
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Underground Railroad
A movement led by abolitionists that provided resources and guidance to slaves seeking to escape to the north by providing hidden shelter along the route. Over 100,000 slaves were saved using the paths created by these abolitionists. The underground railroad supports sectionalist ideas by creating paths to help slaves reach the north, where they would be considered free. -
War of 1812
The British were attacking the US, and the Alien & Sedation acts, the Monroe Doctrine, and the Embargo act all hadn't worked. This caused the US to declare war against Britain. The war ended up in a draw. -
McCulloch vs Maryland
A case about whether the federal government had the right to create a national bank. It didn't explicitly say that they could, but it didn't say that they couldn't. Maryland tried to close the Baltimore branch. Maryland passed a law requiring all banks other than the state one would have to pay a heavy tax. McCulloch, the manager of the Baltimore one refused to pay & Maryland sued, causing them to bring this to court. McCulloch lost the case, but appealed until it got to the supreme court. -
Compromise of 1820
The compromise of 1820 marked an invisible line from east to west at 36º30'. Anything north of this line banned slavery, and anything South allowed it. The Missouri Compromise let Missouri into the U.S. as a slave state, and Maine as a free state to even out the # of free and slave states. This connects to sectionalism because each different section (north and south) requires different wants to be met, and the compromise is between the two different sections, meaning the nation is divided. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was created to protect America and the rest of the Western Hemisphere from European colonization. It declared that if Europe tried to meddle in American affairs, this would be viewed as a hostile act. In return, America promised not to meddle in European internal affairs. Because America was a young country, and not a superpower, people didn't take it seriously enough, and the Doctrine was mostly ignored outside of the US. -
Compromise of 1850
The 1850 compromise was made bc the US had added the Mexican Cession and Oregon Territory to the US. They decided California would be a free state, and Utah and New Mexico would each vote on slavery. To end the controversy between Texas and Mexico about the border, Texas was given $10 million. And DC slave trade was banned and the fugitive slave law was passed saying that escaped slaves could be taken back to their owners. This is sectionalism bc both sides would have to benefit by earning land. -
Fugitive Slave Law
This law stated that all slaves must be sent back to their owners, regardless of whether they were currently in a free state or not. The law required the federal government responsible for finding and returning fugitive slaves, which is the first time that the federal government recognizes slaves as property. This relates to sectionalism because the views of slavery between the north and the south are so different, and now the north is being forced to comply with a law that they don't agree with -
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman was an abolitionist that dedicated her life to helping free other slaves. Born into slavery herself, Harriet used her knowledge and skills to help slaves on the underground railroad escape to freedom. She started helping guide slaves to freedom on April 20, 1853, and in her time as a conductor on the Underground Railroad, she personally helped free approximately 70 slaves. Her actions relate to sectionalism because her work was aligned with the ideals of the north. -
Secession
The event in which 11 southern states left the union to form their own country, the Confederate States of America. These states left because they felt the federal government was violating their states' rights. This event was the immediate cause of the civil war. This relates to nationalism because these states put their needs as a new country over the needs of the interests of the US. -
Emancipation Proclamation
This proclamation was issued in the third year of the Civil War by Abraham Lincoln, which frees slaves only in the rebelling states. But, because Lincoln has no authority over the Confederate States of America, the proclamation didn't actually free any slaves. It was used as a tactic to gain support from foreign countries. This is an example of sectionalism because the purpose is to appeal to a certain region of the country (north).