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provided 160 acres to anyone willing to settle on land in the west
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Abolished Slavery
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Citizenship and due process
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Voting for all male citizens
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Rockefeller/Carnegie (Captains of Industry vs. Robber Barons)
Philanthropy: desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.
Monopoly: large companies that controlled an industry
Jane Addams: progressive social reformer and activist, settlement house.
Laissez-Faire: policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs -
prohibited immigration of skilled or unskilled Chinese laborers, first US national immigration act
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awarded government jobs based on merit
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ensure railroad set “reasonable and just” rate and the first time government stepped in to regulate business
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gave individual ownership of land to native Americans instead of the tribe owning things collectively
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outlawed business monopolies
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outlawed trusts to promote economic fairness
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Muckrakers-reform-minded journalists who exposed established institutions and leaders as corrupt
Initiative-voters can adopt a change in law, Referendum-disapprove a law passed by the Legislature, Recall-or remove an elected official from office
The Great Migration-African Americans moved from rural South to large city North & West
NAACP-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Immigration Issues (Assimilation and Nativism) -
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legalized segregation, established “separate but equal”
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Theodore Roosevelt: American statesman, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer, who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909.
Rough Riders: a nickname given to the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, one of three such regiments raised in 1898 for the Spanish–American War and the only one to see combat.
Foreign Policy
Immigration Quotas
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initiated free trade with China
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an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
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law that makes it illegal to adulterate or misbrand meat
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regulation of the preparation of foods and the sale of medicines
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Taft’s policy of paying for peace in Latin America
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established the federal income tax
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direct election of U.S. Senators
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established the Federal Reserve, which helped stabilize the banking industry
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Alvin York: one of the most decorated United States Army soldiers of World War I.
Homefront: The civilian sphere as opposed to the military; or specifically, the civilian sphere which supports a military effort.
M.A.I.N. (Causes of WWI): militarism, alliances, imperialism and nationalism.
Sussex Pledge: merchant ships would be searched, and sunk only if they were found to be carrying contraband materials.
American Expeditionary Forces: the United States troops sent to Europe in World War I. -
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statement of principles for peace after World War I, included no colonialism, freedom of the seas, and a League of Nations
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peace treaty that ended World War I, required Germany to accept full blame and pay war reparations as well as demilitarize
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prohibition is enacted and alcohol is illegal
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Social Darwinism: Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection was used to justify certain political, social, or economic views.
The Red Scare: when everyone was so caught up in containment of communism, & investigated people for communism.
Assembly Line
Return to Normalcy: U.S. presidential candidate Warren G. Harding's campaign promise in the election of 1920.
Harlem Renaissance: intellectual & cultural revival of African American arts & etc. in Harlem, New York City. -
women are given the right to vote
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granted citizenship to any Native Americans born within the United States
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Hoovervilles: shanty towns built during Great Depression by homeless
The New Deal: programs, public work projects, financial reforms, & regulations by FDR.
Causes of the Great Depression (5): Stock market crash of 1929, Banking panics, monetary contraction, gold standard, less international lending & tariffs.
Court Packing: changing the #/composition of judges on court, making it more favorable to particular goals/ideologies.
Eleanor Roosevelt: 1st Chair of the Commission on Human Rights. -
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adjusted the dates of the presidential terms
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repeals the 18th Amendment and prohibition ends
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established the Social Security Administration, which provides unemployment insurance, aid to the disabled, old age pensions, and insurance for families
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Island Hopping-Allies Pacific War military strategy
Liberation of Concentration Camps
Dwight Eisenhower-oversaw invasions N. Africa, Sicily, Fra. & Ger.
Douglas MacArthur-Gen. SW Pacific.
Chester W. Nimitz-commander Pacific Fleet
Navajo Code Talkers-native language codes radio messages.
Tuskegee Airmen-Afro-Amer. military pilots group
Flying Tigers-AVG of Rep. of China Air Force
The Manhattan Project-code name develop atomic weapon.
Rosie the Riveter-campaign recruit female workers defense ind. -
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incarceration of Japanese Americans for the duration of WWII
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gives military veterans financial and educational benefits
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Containment- containing communism
Arms Race/Space Race- competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the U.S. & the Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics- The USSR
Communism- society where all property is publicly owned
Domino Theory- political event in one country -
U.S. policy that gave military and economic aid to countries threatened by communism
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prohibits anyone who has been elected president twice from being elected again
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program to help European countries rebuild after World War II
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ruled the separate law school at the University of Texas failed to qualify as “separate but equal”
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Mexican Americans and all other races provided equal protection under the 14th Amendment
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overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and mandated desegregation
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authorized the building of a national highway system
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begins undeclared war in Vietnam
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Made discrimination based on race, religion, or national origin in public places illegal and required employers to hire on an equal opportunity basis
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Abolishes the poll tax
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Eliminated literacy tests for voters
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prohibited discrimination in the sale or rental of housing
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defined the First Amendment rights for students in the United States Public Schools
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moved the voting age from 21 years old to 18 years old
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protects people from discrimination based on gender in education programs
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law limited the President’s right to send troops to battle without Congressional approval
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Barack Obama: 1st African American elected Pres.
al-Qaeda: international terrorist group committed to opposing foreign power and what it sees as corrupt Islamic regimes
No Child Left Behind: provides money assistance for poor children to improve their academic progress
President Clinton’s Impeachment
Presidential Election of 2000 -
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tightened the national security, particularly as it was related to foreign terrorism
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