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Was fought between France and Great Britain, the war began in 1754 over North American land claims, this conflict spread to Africa, Asia, and Europe. The war was a collective of conflicts involving territorial expansion for the countries of conquest. The war declared the borders of France, the naval strength of Britain, and the great power status of Prussia. -
Upon colonization, the french-Canadians felt as though they had no religious freedom. The people of Quebec lived somewhere in between the laws and regulations of Britain and those of France. The act gave them expansion, religious freedom, and an equal place as Britain within Canada. -
The Numbered Treaties were the Europeans first attempts at building relationships with the Indigenous people of Canada. They were a series of 11 treaties that were created to stabilize trade negotiations and set a precedent for cooperation between the two peoples. While the idea was originally to accept each others way of life, the later treaties were created to follow the ideals of the colonizers, while the Indigenous people became confused at the Europeans different way of life. -
The Indian Act was created by the Canadian government in order to create an assimilation process for the Indigenous people of Canada. In the interest of avoiding a war, the Canadian government made the act to assimilate the Indigenous people slowly into the European way of life. The act consisted of a series of laws to regulate Indigenous people's culture and sense of community. The idea was to break up Indigenous communities to separate them from their ways of life over long periods of time. -
The Potlatch was a ceremony where the people of an indigenous community trade items of wealth to provide necessities for the whole community. This ceremony was banned from 1885 to 1951 by the Canadian government in order to encourage the assimilation process of the Indigenous people. -
following his contributions to Manitoba joining the Confederation, Louis Riel found himself learning and enjoying the life of the Indigenous man. He began standing up for Indigenous rights and freedom at a time where very few understood the importance of recognizing and accepting First Nations culture and history. Eventually a bounty of 5000 dollars was placed on his head and he was caught and hanged in late 1885. -
In the 40's and 50's, children in residential schools were subject to experimentation and forced sterilization -both of which were encouraged by the Canadian government. This research was un-regulated and uncivilized, the participants forced and coerced through deprivation of food to allow these inhumane medical experiments. -
This proposal abolished all previous remaining laws and acts surrounding the Indigenous people of Canada. It eliminated laws surrounding Indian status cards and agents. Officers of the government would be appointed to investigate outstanding land claims and gradually dissolve the assimilation process that had been created. -
Instead of sending Indigenous children to residential schools, the Canadian government came up with a partial alternative way of assimilation. The government set up a foster care system where Indigenous children were sent to homes in white neighborhoods. In these homes the children would be seperated from Indigenous ways of life and forced to learn european language and culture. They would not be allowed to participate in their cultural ceremonies or speak their native language. -
The Penticton Indian Band forced the expansion of the ski hill on Apex mountain to come to a grinding halt by blocking off access to the roads up to Apex. This action was taken in order to preserve Indigenous lands and was of great importance to the Penticton Indian Band. The Band injured the Apex Skii Resort financially through their actions. -
The Pope formally apologized to the Indigenous people of Canada on behalf of the Catholic Church. Pope Benedict XVI apologized for the mental and physical abuse that Indigenous people suffered in residential schools as the result of an attempted assimilation. He apologized for the unholy actions of the church officials that were a part of the residential schools. -
Idle No More was a movement that followed the announcement of bill C-45 which made it easier for the government to move through with projects. This allowed the Canadian government to industrialize lands without the approval of the Indigenous authority and without environmental conscience. The Idle No More movement was a turning point in Indigenous-European relations as it allowed them to fight on the same side of a large scale legal battle for most likely the first time in Canadian history.