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Intelligence Testing
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon developed intelligence testing using Binet instrument to measure ability and intelligence. Revision to the instrument by a Stanford professor, Lewis Terman, created the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test helped schools sorts students into categories by mental ability. www.hmhco.com/~/media/sites/home/hmh-assessments/clinical/stanford-binet/pdf/sb5_asb_1.pdf?la=en -
National Association for Retarded Children (ARC)
Laws and federal support for mentally retarded students
http://www.thearc.org/who-we-are/history/segal-account -
Brown v. Board of Education
In 1954, the U. S. Supreme Court issued a landmark civil rights decision in Brown v. Board of Education. In Brown, school children from four states argued that segregated public schools were inherently unequal and deprived them of equal protection of the laws. The Supreme Court found that African-American children had the right to equal educational opportunities and that segregated schools “have no place in the field of public education.”
www.thirteen.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
Congress enacted the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in 1965 to address the inequality of educational opportunity for underprivileged children. This landmark legislation provided resources to help ensure that disadvantaged students had access to quality education. In 1966, Congress amended the ESEA to establish a grant program to help states in the “initiation, expansion, and improvement of programs and projects . . for the ed. of handicapped children.”
http://www.k12.wa.us/esea/ -
Education of the Handicapped Act
In 1970, Congress enacted the Education of the Handicapped Act (P.L. 91-230) in an effort to encourage states to develop educational programs for individuals with disabilities. According to the National Council on Disability
www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.html -
General - Special Education Administration Consortium (GSEAC)
The small group of special education administration professors, committed to integrated preparation, articulated special education as the complementary discipline and, therefore, required the collaboration and commitment of general education leadership to be successful in leading programs that effectively serve students with disabilities.
www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail?accno=ED136328 -
PARC and Mills
During the early 1970s, two cases were catalysts for change: Pennsylvania Assn. for Retarded Children v.Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (PARC)and Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia. PARC dealt with the exclusion of children with mental retardation from public schools. Mills involved the practice of suspending, expelling and excluding children with disabilities from the District of Columbia public schools.
www.rootedinrights.org/15321-revision-v1/ -
Section 504 Vocational Rehabilitation Act
Section 504 prohibited discrimination against students with disabilities in federally funded programs or state or local organizations. Prohibits discrimination in public education, employment, or health and social services. This law created greater access to opportunities in work, communities, and college and universities. Equal opportunity and service for all individuals with disabilities.
www.naset.org/section5042.0.html -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act
On November 19, 1975, Congress enacted Public Law 94-142, also known as The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 . Congress intended that all children with disabilities would “have a right to education, and to establish a process by which State and local educational agencies may be held accountable for providing educational services for all handicapped children.”
www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.html -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
The purpose of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 is “to ensure that all children have a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education and reach, at a minimum, proficiency on challenging State academic achievement standards and state academic assessments.”
www.k12.wa.us/esea/NCLB.aspx -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA)
Congress has amended and renamed the special education law several times since 1975. On December 3, 2004, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was amended again. The reauthorized statute is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 and is known as IDEA 2004.
idea.ed.gov/
