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In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that it was unconstitutional to segregate children by their race.
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The ESEA was not only about equal access to Education but called for federal funding for primary and secondary education for students in poverty. It was signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson.
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PARC v. Penn called for students with intellectual and learning disabilities to be placed in publicly funded school settings that met their needs, all this based on an evaluation.
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The ruling made it unlawful for the district to deny students classified as exceptional the access to publicly funded educational opportunities.
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Public Law 94-142 required that all the states that accepted money from Federal Government needed to provide equal access to education for students with special needs as well as one free meal per day. Signed by President Gerald Ford, states had the responsibility to ensure compliance.
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It was an amendment to the All Handicapped Children Act, this time it mandated that states provide services to families of children born with a disability since the moment they are born.
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This specific law was signed by President Reagan and gave the parents of the children with disabilities more say in the making of their Individual Education Plan (IEP).
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This new law called for changes to Public Law 94-142, Congress mandated that for a student's IEP an Individual Transition Plan (ITP) should also be added to help students move to post-secondary life. Also, Traumatic Brain Injury and Autism were added as new Disability Categories.
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President Clinton reauthorized IDEA with amendments that emphasized providing all students with the same curriculum and states were given the authority to expand the developmental delay definition.
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Congress amended IDEA by calling for early intervention for students, greater accountability, improved educational outcomes and raise standards for instructors that teach SPED.