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Period: Jun 1, 1500 to
The Foundation
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Jun 16, 1515
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
Martin Luther emphasized the need to schools to teach children how to read. He believed that everyone should be able to read the Bible in their own native tounge and he translated it into German. -
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From Naturalism to Kindergarten
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau advocated the "natural" education of young children and believed in the idea of "Unfolding". This means that the "nature"(who and what they will be) of each student will unfold as a result of age appropriate development of each individual student. He believed the the role of the teacher is to match their teaching practices to their students developmental levels and abilities. This practice and idea is still relevant to this day. -
Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel
Friedrich is known as the "Father of Kindergarten". He believed in the process off Unfolding and believed that teachers should observe where their students are developmentally and provide activites that enable them to learn what they are ready to learn when they are ready to learn it. He believed development occured primarily through self-activity and play. -
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From a Garden of Children to a Children's House
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John Dewey and Progressive Education Theory
His theory is often called "Progressivism" and emphasizes children and their interests rather than subject matter. He believed that education was a "process of living rather than a preparation for future living". He used regular house projects such as crafting and cooking as a way to teach things like math and reading as a real life example to show the students how they can use what they learn in their everyday lives. -
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From Politics to the Classroom
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NDEA
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first satelite- Sputnik- into outer space. This caused many to believe that the Soviet Union was trying to achieve world domination and the spread of communism. This fear lead to Congress passing NDEA (National Defense Education Act) in 1958. The purpose of this act was to provide federal funding to schools to concentrate on teaching their students about STEM (science, technology, engineering and math). -
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From Civil Rights to the Education of Today
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Elementary and Secondary Education Act
In 1965, congress passed the ESEA, which serves to more fully fund education. It funded additional oppurtunities for students to continue their education in before and after school programs and in summer camps. This program particularly helped low-income students who qualified for free or reduced priced school lunches. -
Equal Oppurtunity in Education Act
In 1972, Congress ammended the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to include a bit about education. It stated that every child should have access to a quality education, regardless of gender, race, religion, disabilites, ect.. -
No Child Left Behind
This No Child Left Behind Act is the current reauthorization of the ESEA. It continues the movement established by the NDEA and emphazies accountability through standardized testing.