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Naturalization Act of 1906
Theodore Roosevelt revised the law from 1870 and also required immigrant to learn English to become naturalized citizens. -
Meyer v. Nebraska
"Plaintiff was convicted for teaching a child German under a Nebraska statute that outlawed the teaching of foreign languages to students that had not yet completed the eighth grade." http://www.casebriefs.com -
Nationality Act
The Nationality Act revised provisions that related to citizenship and naturalization in America. Was enacted by congress in October of 1940 and was made into a law that revised existing nationality laws in the United States. It defined who is eligible for citizenship in the United States, and under what circumstances. It also defined who was ineligible for citizenship and how one could lose their citizenship to the United States. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education took place in 1954 and is still known today as a very important US supreme case. The Court created laws that established separate public schools for blacks and whites to be rule unconstitutional. The decision of the courts overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision that was decided in 1896. The making of this law occurred on May 17, 1954, the courts unanimous nine to zero decision came to terms that separate educational facilities are considered to be unequal. Thi -
National Defense Education Act
The United States was scared because of tension forming with Russia. The new computer technology called for more mathematicians and technicians. They enacted this National Defense Education Act to help build knowledge of technology while also learning foreign languages to build defense oriented people. -
Coral Way
Coral Way Elementary School in Dade County, Florida is considered to be the first public school with a bilingual program for both English and Spanish speakers in the US. The school began as a way to accommodate refugee children from Cuba in 1959. The first language of the child was used for instruction for subject matter and so the child could maintain their first language. English was used for instruction and as a second language. There is very little known information schools curriculum was wr -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was enacted on April 11, 1965 under President Lyndon B Johnson. The main goal of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was to provide all children with equal access to a quality education. With the act came numerous provisions to education including those to: fund primary and secondary education while forbidding the establishment of a national curriculum, emphasize equal access to education and establish high standards and accountability, le -
TESOL
Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages was established in 1966, it is an association for English language teaching professionals. The main goal of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages is to ensure excellence in English language teaching to speakers of other languages. TESOL conducts many workshops and conventions that include professional development for English language educators worldwide. TESOL was originally created due to the need of a professional organization dev -
Senate Bill 53
In 1967, the senator of California, Ronald Reagan, ended the 95 year old law that required schools to teach solely in English. This increased opportunties for bilingual students to get a proper education. -
Bilingual Education Act 1968
The bilingual Education Act was the first piece of legislation in the US that recognized the needs of students with limited english language knowledge and abilities. The law was brought about in 1967 by Texas senator Ralph Yarborough and after that was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson January of 1968.Although Texas already had laws to support language minorities in schools, this law supported it plus helped benifit the said students even more. its purpose was to provide school districts -
Memorandum
The federal Departments of Health and Education put out a similar version of the Title VII regulations that kept the denial of access to educational facilities because of a student’s limited english abilities. -
Lau v. Nichols
Chinese Students living in San Francisco claimed they were not receiving extra help due to their of limited English proficiency. The students claimed they were entitled to the help because of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. They student felt that they were being denied of equal education opportunities -
Bilingual Education Act of 1974
The bilingual education act of 1968 had many issues with the way things worked. The law passed in 1968 continuously allowed federal money to be given to “racially imbalanced schools”. Not long before the new law, in 1970, the Office of Civil Rights issued a statement requiring all schools with five percent or greater minority students to develop "special programs" to seclude these students' english learning. The statement stated that failure to provide equal education to students who do n -
Lau Remedies
"The Lau Remedies were detailed and specific. They specified approved approaches, methods, and procedures for:
identifying and evaluating national origin minority students' English language skills;
determining appropriate instructional treatments;
deciding when LEP children were ready for mainstream classrooms;
determining the professional standards to be met by teachers of language-minority children. "
http://www.maec.org/Old/lyons/4.html -
Castaneda v Pickard
Case filed against Raymondville, Texas school district (RISD), Mexican-American children’s parents claimed the district was discriminating against them due to their ethnicity. They argued that classrooms were segregated using grouping that was based on racial discrimination. This case took place on August 17, 1978 the judge ruled that the district had not violated any of the constitutional rights. In 1981 the ruling was appealed. This case established three criteria programs that serve LEP stude -
Plyler v. Doe
Plyler v. Doe was a Supreme Court case in which the court was punishing a state for denying funding for education to undocumented or illegal immigrant children. They were also striking down on a school district's attempt to charge undocumented immigrant families an annual $1,000 tuition for each student to compensate for the lost state funding. Plyler v. Doe was only directed at Kindergarten through 12th grade schools. -
Proposition 227 (California)
Proposed by Ron Unz and Gloria Mata in 1998, Proposition 227 greatly changed the public education system in California. Essentially, it abolished bilingual education in public schools by forcing ELLs into classes taught primarily in English. It also lessened the time for special classes given to LEP students, expecting students to be mainstreamed after one year. According to a 2009 analysis, Hispanic test scores have risen since this became a law. Some schools interpreted this law by only teachi -
Ron Unz
Ron Unz is a Silicon Valley software entrepreneur and Republican political activist. He also drafted Proposition 227 in 1998 after his unsuccessful attempt in the race to be the governor of California. His goal in doing this was to get LEP and ELL students mainstreamed more quickly and efficiently. While working on his proposition, he spent $752,738, far more than any other supporter. Unz later helped to push the passing of Proposition 203 in Arizona in 2000. -
Proposition 203 (Arizona)
Proposition 203, a statute passed in 2000, disallows native-language instruction for limited English proficient children in Arizona public schools. Prior to the passing of this law, ELL and bilingual instruction were both allowed in Arizona public schools. According to the Arizona Department of Education, little to no data was provided to determine how beneficial this was tot he students. This law is very controversial, primarily because it went against the decisions of parents and school board -
No Child Left Behind
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was an act of congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. It was enacted January 8th, 2002. No Child Left Behind included Title 1, a government program that aids disadvantaged students. No Child Left Behind sets high standards and establishes goals that can improve individual education success. States are required to develop assessments in basic skills under No Child Left Behind.
