timeline

By Victoriabueso
  • Period: to

    Reign of Alfonso XII

    In 1875 the monarchy was restored under Alfonso XII of Bourbon
    (1875–1885), son of Isabella II. The Bourbon Restoration in Spain was possible by two processes:
    •Through the political manoeuvring
    •Through a pronunciamiento (military revolution)

  • Sandhurst Manifiesto

    On 1 December 1874, Cánovas wrote a manifesto, signed in
    Sandhurst, where he promised a constitutional government.

  • PSOE is founded

    The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) was founded by Pablo Iglesias in 1879 and was consolidated by the huge surge in the labour movement during this period.
  • Period: to

    Regency of María Christina

    After the death of Alfonso XII in 1885, the Restoration was maintained by the regency of Maria Christina (1885–1902) while her son, Alfonso XIII, was still a child

  • Bases de Manresa

    Catalan natinalism demanded official status for the Catalan language, the estabilishment of Catalan political parties and courts, and Catalan autonomy. In 1892, its proposals were written by Prat de la Riba.

  • Teatry of Paris

    Spain was forced to sign the 1898 Teatry of Paris, where they recognised the independence of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
  • Period: to

    Reign of Alfonso XIII

    Alfonso XIII acceded to the throne in 1902 in a political environment
    characterised by the crisis of Cánovas del Castillo’s political system,
    the influence of regenerationism and the deaths of Cánovas (1897)
    and Sagasta (1903). When studying his reign, historians usually look
    at two stages, divided by the crisis of 1917.
    The continued practice of party rotation (1902–1917).
    The crisis of the Cánovas system (1917–1923).

  • Tragic week of 1909

    In 1909 Spain required reservists to be called up, the majoriti of whom were fathers. This set off violent protests in Barcelona, which became known as the Tragic week of 1909. The harsh repression by Maura's conservative goverment caused the liberals to break their pact of rotation with him. It began on July 7, 1909 and ended on August 2, 1909.

  • Disaster of Annual

    Abroad, Spain suffered a brutal defeat in the Rif War against Morocco in what was known as the Disaster of Annual, resulting in 10000 deaths and widespread public commotion, negatively influency public opinion.
  • Period: to

    Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera

    Had two different governments:
    •The Military Directory (1923–1925). suspended the constitution, dissolved the Cortes, prohibited political parties, suppressed the labour movement and defeated the Moroccans.
    •The Civil Directory (1925–1930). Helped Primo de Rivera maintain
    power until 1930.
    Due to the 1929 economic crisis, the rise in unemployment, the spread of the labour movement, nationalist and rejection by many intellectuals, Primo de Rivera was to resign.

  • Proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.

    Alfonso XIII tried to go back to the parliamentary system. The citizens' disapproval of the king's support for the dictatorship led to significant Republican victories in the 1931 municipal elections for several major cities. The king went into exile on 14 April 1931 and the Second Republic was declared.
  • Period: to

    Second Spanish Republic

    Description The Second Spanish Republic was the democratic regime that existed in Spain between April 14, 1931, the date of its proclamation, replacing the monarchy of Alfonso XIII, and on April 1, 1939, the date of the end of the Civil War, which gave way to the Franco dictatorship.

  • October Revolution

    The new government halted the majority of the previous reforms,
    which led to an increase in strikes and more actions by left-wing
    parties. CEDA then demanded positions in the government. This
    sparked the October Revolution of 1934, which was most intense in
    Asturias and Barcelona.

  • Tragic Spring

    The Tragic Spring of 1936, consisting of a wave of attacks and street violence between staunch falangist, communist and anarchist activists.

  • The Civil War

    The next day it spread throughout Spain, having success in rural
    areas, yet failing in the more industrialised urban areas. The country
    was divided into two zones, the Republican zone and the ‘Nationalist’
    zone, and the military coup turned into a long Civil War.
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    Spanish Civil War

    The Spanish Civil War was a conflict of political forces due to the power struggle in Spain. It was taken by the Generalissimo of Francisco Franco, who shook Europe between the years 1936 and 1939, in this year the Second World War began.

  • Bombing of Gerninika

    The Cantabrian coast and involved harsh battles, as reflected by the bombing of Gernika by the German air force’s Condor Legion on 26 April 1937. The German air force enabled the insurgents to control key industrial and mining areas.