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Period: to
Schoenberg
Austrian born expressionist composer
one of the most influential of the 20th century
leader of the second Viennese school -
Period: to
Stravinsky
Russian composer
advanced orchestral music with his piece Rite of Spring, expanded what people thought they could do with orchestral music -
Period: to
Kodaly
Hungarian composer
ethnomusicologist, pedagoge, linguist, and philosopher
creator of the Kodaly method -
Period: to
Malipiero
Italian composer, musicologist, music teacher and editor
He regarded Impressioni del vero as his earliest work of lasting importance -
Period: to
Varese
French-born composer
music emphasizes timbre and rhythm
He coined the term "organized sound" in reference to his own musical aesthetic -
Period: to
Villa-lobos
Brazilian composer, conductor, cellist, pianist, and guitarist
single most significant creative figure in 20th century brazilian art music -
Period: to
Toch
Austrian composer of classical music and film scores
sought throughout his life to introduce new approaches to music -
Period: to
Durey
Les Six Composer
Born in Paris, non musical family, instigated first album then left, wrote songs for the french resistance during WWII, wrote Vietnamese themes in 60s as a protest to war, also wrote for nazis (wrote for both sides) -
Period: to
Martin
Swiss composer who lived most of his life in the Netherlands
Often inspired by his Christianity -
Period: to
Prokofiev
Russian composer, pianist, and conductor
one of the major composers of the 20th century
creator of acknowledged masterpieces across multiple genres -
Period: to
Honegger
Les Six Composer
Born to Swiss parents, considered himself Swiss, huge compositional output in all mediums, appreciated the “architecture of music”, composed most of his works on commission -
Period: to
Milhaud
Les Six Composer
Born on Southern coast of France, studied Debussy, immediately rejected impressionism, became close friends with Tailleferre, encouraged her to keep composing, traveled to Brazil and it influenced his composing, jazz influence as well -
Period: to
Tailleferre
Les Six Composer
Had awful stage fright, hung out with Coco Chanel, very outspoken -
Period: to
Hindemith
German composer, violinist, violist, teacher, and conductor
in the 1920's, he became an advocate for the Neue Sachlichkeit style of music -
Period: to
Still
American composer of nearly 200 works
often referred to as the "Dean of Afro-American Composers"
First American composer to have an opera produced by the New York City Opera -
Period: to
Sessions
American composer, teacher, and writer of music
studied music at Harvard at the age of 14 -
Period: to
Thomson
American composer and critic
instrumental in the development of the "American sound" in classical music -
Period: to
Gershwin
American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned both popular and classical genres
numerous film scores -
Period: to
Auric
Les Six Composer
Born southern France, studied composition in Paris with Satie’s teachers
Neo classicist, film music, ran SACEM (body that runs copyright in France), music journalist -
Period: to
Poulenc
Les Six Composer
Born in Paris to rich parents, self-taught but had mentors, traveled to meet Schoenberg, Webern, and Berg, but both rejected their style, his partner (baritone Pierre Bernac) premiered many of his songs -
Period: to
Ellington
American composer, pianist, and leader of a jazz orchestra from 1923 until his death
had a career that spanned 6 decades -
Period: to
Copland
American composer, composition teacher, writer, and conductor
was referred to by his peers and critics as the "Dean of American Composers" -
Period: to
Armstrong
American trumpeter, composer, vocalist, and actor
was among the most influential figures in jazz
career of 5 decades -
Period: to
Shostakovich
Russian composer and pianist
regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century
unique harmonic language and historic importance due to his years of work under Stalin
most notably wrote 15 symphonies, 15 string quartets, and 2 operas -
Period: to
Barber
American composer of orchestral, opera, choral, and piano music
"Probably no other American composer has ever enjoyed such early, such persistent, and such long-lasting acclaim" - Donal Henahan -
Period: to
Schuman
American composer and arts administrator
composed 8 symphonies
won the inaugural Pulitzer prize for his cantata no. 2 -
Period: to
Menotti
Italian-American composer and librettist
Won the Pulitzer Prize twice for the consul -
Period: to
Cage
American composer, music theorist, artist, and philosopher
a pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and non-standard use of musical instruments, one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde -
Period: to
Stylistic Traits
Melodic Freedom
Dissonant chords
polychords and tone clusters
12 tone system
large scope of types of music
cadences are more predictable depending on the piece -
Period: to
Genres
maximalism and minimalism
impressionalism
expressionism
jazz
serialism
electronic
primitivism -
Period: to
The Great Depression
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Electric Guitar Invented
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Period: to
World War II
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Amplifier