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German writer and statesman
His writings were incredibly influential on our Romantic composers
Already a celebrity by age 25
Wrote: poetry, dramas, an autobiography, books about literature, 4 novels, and scientific books on anatomy, botany, and color -
Italian composer who composed French opera titled Lodoïska in 1791
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He is the transitional figure from the Classical to the Romantic style, composed all genres, began loosing his hearing as a young man
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Did not occur within the Romantic Era timespan but it did effect the composers of this time.
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The most important opera composer in the early 19th century
In fact, the most famous composer in Europe in the early 19th century -
Composed in all genres, over 600 Lieder
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One of the most important early innovators of new orchestration and genres; French
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Composer of most genres, revived of J.S. Bach’s music in Leipzig
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Poets and musicians focused on trying to create moments during which ‘inexpressible longing’ could be felt, This was the ultimate issue of the romantic aesthetic
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The public loved this topic as they imagined good triumphing over wrong, the freeing of the oppressed, and most importantly, heroism, Beethoven only composed one opera which was a rescue opera called Fidelio in 1805
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New combinations of instruments
More instruments were added to the orchestra: orchestras increased in size
More brass and percussion were included -
Composers created poetry settings and emotional expression and they were cheap to perform or share with others
Lieder are re-envisioned in the 19th century -
One-movement piano pieces: equally cheap to perform
Composers usually performed their own
They could be performed anywhere with a piano -
More minor keys, larger orchestras and choirs, longer pieces, more percussion and brass, phrasing less symmetrical and more expansive, ascending sixths favored in melodies
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A focus on the past and the romanticizing of it, medieval topics, palestrina was revived, studied, and imitated
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More important as an editor and promoter of music
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Pianist (delicate style) and composer
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Piano virtuoso, writer, conductor, composer, innovator, supporter of Wagner
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Based on the legend that whoever is touched by the king of the elves must die
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Virtuoso pianist, composer, wife of Robert
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Bohemian
Best known for his programmatic cycle of 6 symphonic poems called Má vlast (My Country)
Considered the founded of Czech music -
American Nationalist
Born in New Orleans
His mother was from the Caribbean, and his father was of British Jewish heritage -
German romantic composer
Continued the classical traditions, especially in form
A scholar; one of the first editors of J. S. Bach’s music
In 1850 when certain composers in Germany wanted to honor Bach, they began a collected edition -
From Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
Eight years younger than Brahms; they were friends
Czechoslovakian nationalist composer -
Polish pianist and composer
Prime minister and foreign minister of Poland in 1919
Made a piano roll recording of this piece