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James Garfield (Begining of Presidency)
James Garfield was a republican -
Stalwarts/Half Breeds
competing for the control of the republican party, and favored traditional, professional machine politics. -
Chester A. Arthur (Presidency Begins)
Chester A.Arthur was a Republican -
James Garfield (Presidency Ends)
He was assasinated -
Chinese Exclution Act
banned Chinese Immigration into the United States for ten years and barred chinese already in the U.S. from becoming naturalized citizens. -
Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
Required that some form of federal jobs be filled by competitive written exams rather than patronage -
Chester A. Arthur (presidency Ends)
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Grover Cleveland(Beginning of 1st Presidency)
Grover Cleveland was a Democrat -
Haymarket Square
The Haymarket affair refers to the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration in1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago. -
Populist Party/Omaha Platform
A radical agrarian-oriented American political party commonly called "the Populists." -
Interstate Commerce Act
It was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices -
Dawes Act
It authorized the President of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. -
Benjamin Harrison (Presidency Begins)
Benjamin Harrison was a Republican. -
Grover Cleveland (1st Presidency Ends)
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McKinley Tariff
The McKinely Tariff raised the average duty on imports to almost fifty percent. It was designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act prohibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anticompetitive. It requires the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation -
Benjamin Harrison (Presidency Ends)
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Homestead Strike
The Homestead Strike was an industrial lockout and strike which began in 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents in1892. -
Grover Cleveland (Second Presidency Begins)
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Panic of 1893
Panic of 1893 was a serious American depression that started in 1893. -
Coxey's Army
Coxey's Army was a march of unemployed workers (led by Jacob Coxey) in washington DC because of the depression America was in. -
Pullman Strike
The Pullman Strike was a nationwide conflict in 1894 between the new American Railway Union and railroads that occurred in the United States -
Wilson-Gorman Tariff
It reduced the United States tariff rates from the numbers set in the 1890 McKinley tariff and imposed a 2% income tax. -
Cross Of Gold Speech
The Cross of Gold speech was delivered by William Jennings Bryan -
William McKinley(Presidency Begins)
William McKinley was a Republican and led the nation to victory in the Spanish–American War, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry, and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals. -
The Dingley Tariff
The Dingley Tariff increased duties by an average of 57 percent. Tariff rates were hiked on sugar, salt, tin cans, glassware, and tobacco, as well as on iron and steel, steel rails, petroleum, lead, copper, locomotives, whisky, and leather. -
Grover Cleveland (Second Presidecy Ends)
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Debate Over the Philippines Americans (Begins)
In the Debate Over the Philippines Americans were divided sharply over whether to annex the Philippines as part of the United States. -
The Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion was an anti-foreign, proto-nationalist movement by the Righteous Harmony Society in China opposing foreign imperialismand Christianity. -
US battleship Maine explodes
US battleship Maine explodes in Havana harbor; Americans accused the Spanish. -
The Spanish American War
The Spanish American War was a conflict between Spain and the United States, the result of American intervention in the ongoing Cuban War of Independence. -
annexed Hawaii
United States formally annexed Hawaii. -
Dollar Diplomacy (Begins)
Dollar Diplomacy is the effort of the United States—particularly under President William Howard Taft—to further its aims in Latin America and East Asiathrough use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. -
The Open Door Policy
The Open Door Policy allowed multiple imperial powers access to China. -
Debate Over the Philippines Americans (Ends)
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The Gold Standard Act
The Gold Standard Act established gold as the only standard for redeeming paper money. -
Theodore Roosevelt (Presidency Begins)
Theodore Roosevelt was a Republican and was known for leading the Progressive Movement -
McKinley was assassinated
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The National Reclamation Act
The National Reclamation Act funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of 20 states in the American West. -
The United Mine Workers Strike
The United Mine Workers Strike was a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the anthracite coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania. Miners were asking for higher wages, shorter workdays and the recognition of their union. -
The United States Department of Commerce
The United States Department of Commerce was created to promote job creation and improved living standards for all Americans by creating an infrastructure that promotes economic growth, technological competitiveness, and sustainable development. -
The Elkins Act
The Elkins Act amended the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. It authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates. The railroad companies were not permitted to offer rebates. Railroad corporations, their officers, and their employees, were all made liable for discriminatory practices. -
The Square Deal
The Square Deal was President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. -
Hetch Hetchy
After a major earthquake, San Francisco applied to the United States Department of the Interior to gain water rights to Hetch Hetchy. This provoked a seven-year environmental struggle with the environmental group Sierra Club, led by John Muir. -
The Federal Meat Inspection Act
The Federal Meat Inspection Act worked to prevent adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food and to ensure that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. -
The Pure Food and Drug Act
The Pure Food and Drug Act required that certain special drugs, including alcohol, cocaine, heroin, morphine, and cannabis, be accurately labeled with contents and dosage. -
The Hepburn Act
The Hepburn Act was a bill that fortified the powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission and strengthened federal regulation of railroads. -
The Panic of 1907
The Panic of 1907 was a financial crisis that occurred in the United States when the New York Stock Exchange fell almost 50% from its peak the previous year. -
The Pinchot-Ballinger
The Pinchot-Ballinger was a dispute between U.S. Forest Service Chief Gifford Pinchot and U.S. Secretary of the Interior Richard Achilles Ballinger that contributed to the split of the Republican Party. -
The Payne Aldrich Tariff
The Payne Aldrich Tariff lowering certain tariffs on goods entering the United States. -
William Howard Taft (Presidency Begins)
William Howard Taft was a Republican who emphasized trust-busting, civil service reform, strengthening the Interstate Commerce Commission, improving the performance of the postal service, and passage of the Sixteenth Amendment. Abroad, Taft sought to further the economic development of nations in Latin America and Asia through "Dollar Diplomacy", and showed decisiveness and restraint in response to revolution in Mexico. -
Theodore Roosevelt (Presidency Ends)
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The Mann–Elkins Act
The Mann–Elkins Act extended the authority of the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the telecommunications industry, and designatedtelephone, telegraph and wireless companies as common carriers -
Intervention at Nicaragua
During the Intervention at Nicaragua the United States military interventions in Nicaragua were intended to prevent the construction of the Nicaraguan Canal by any nation but the United States. -
Roosevelt’s New Nationalism
In Roosevelt’s New Nationalism speech he stressed government protection of human welfare and property rights -
The Progressive Party
The Progressive Party was an American political party formed by former President Theodore Roosevelt after a split in the Republican Party between himself and President William Howard Taft. -
Wilson’s New Freedom campaign Begins
Wilson’s New Freedom campaign stressed individualism and states’ rights -
The Election of 1912
The Election of 1912 was a four way contest between William Taft of the Republican Party, Theodore Roosevelt of the Progressive Party, Woodrow Wilson of the Democratic Party, and Eugene V. Debs of the Socialist Party; Wilson won. -
The Federal Children’s Bureau’s operations
The Federal Children’s Bureau’s operations involve improving child abuse prevention, foster care, and adoption. -
16th Amendment/Graduated Income Tax
The Sixteenth Amendment allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on Census results. -
17th Amendment/Direct Election of Senators
The Seventeenth Amendment established direct election of United States Senators by popular vote. -
Underwood Simmons Tariff
The Underwood Simmons Tariff re-imposed the federal income tax following the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment and lowered basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%. -
Federal Reserve Act
The Federal Reserve Act created and set up the Federal Reserve Board and granted it the legal authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes and Federal Reserve Bank Notes as legal tender. -
The Federal Reserve Board
The Federal Reserve Board was established as the central banking system of the United States. -
Dollar Diplomacy(Ends)
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William Howard Taft (Presidency Ends)
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Federal Trade Commission
The Federal Trade Commission’s principal mission is the promotion of consumer protection and the elimination and prevention of anti-competitive business practices, such as coercive monopoly. -
The Smith-Lever Act
The Smith-Lever Act established a system of cooperative extension services, connected to the land-grant universities, in order to inform people about current developments in agriculture, home economics, public policy/government, leadership, 4-H, economic development, coastal issues, and many other related subjects. It helped farmers learn new agricultural techniques by the introduction of home instruction. -
Louis Brandeis appointed to the Supreme Court
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The Keating Owen Act
The Keating Owen Act sought to address child labor by prohibiting the sale in interstate commerce of goods produced by factories that employed children under fourteen, mines that employed children younger than sixteen, and any facility where children under sixteen worked at night or more than eight hours daily. -
Wilson’s New Freedom campaign Ends
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18th Amendment/Prohibition
The Eighteenth Amendment established prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States. -
The Nineteenth Amendment
The Nineteenth Amendment prohibits any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on gender.