Time line: The inter-war years

By aiinhoaa._.28
  • Mussolini Forms Fascist Blackshirts

    Mussolini Forms Fascist Blackshirts

    Benito Mussolini created his unofficial army of fascist Blackshirts
  • Period: to

    War Reparations

    Germany was required to pay 6,000 million marks in reparations.
  • Mussolini Founds the National Fascist Party

    Mussolini Founds the National Fascist Party

    Advocates a single-party system for stability and gains middle-class support
  • The March on Rome

    The March on Rome

    Mussolini’s Blackshirts march leads to him becoming Italy’s leader, he summoned fascists to participate in his March on Rome.
  • France Occupies the Ruhr Valley

    France Occupies the Ruhr Valley

    When Germany defaulted on a reparations payment in 1923, France occupied a German industrial region called the Ruhr valley.
  • Dawes Plan Introduced

    Dawes Plan Introduced

    The US intervened with the Dawes Plan in 1924.
    US plan reorganizes Germany’s reparations and loans to stabilize its economy
  • Period: to

    Stalin’s First Five-Year Plan

    Stalin introduced his first five-year plan, begins economic transformation through industrialization and collectivization.
  • Dawes Plan Replaced by Young Plan

    Dawes Plan Replaced by Young Plan

    In 1929, the Dawes Plan was replaced with the Young Plan.
    Reparations are reduced to reflect Germany's inability to pay.
  • Wall Street Crash

    Wall Street Crash

    On 29 October 1929, the stock market completely collapsed.
  • Period: to

    Global Spread of the Great Depression

    Due to the importance of the United States in the global economy, the crisis spread quickly across the world.
  • Period: to

    Rise of Anti-Democratic Parties in Germany

    The rise of extreme and anti-democratic parties made it impossible for democratic parties to form a stable government.
  • Roosevelt Introduces the New Deal

    Roosevelt Introduces the New Deal

    In the United States, President Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced his New Deal in 1933.
    The US implements programs to combat the Great Depression
  • Hitler Becomes Chancellor

    Hitler Becomes Chancellor

    President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as chancellor.
  • Period: to

    Stalin’s Purges Begin

    He carried out a series of violent repressive campaigns called purges.
  • Hitler Becomes Führer

    Hitler Becomes Führer

    On 2 August 1934, President Hindenburg died. Hitler immediately unified the positions of president and chancellor under the title of Führer.
  • Hitler Violates the Treaty of Versailles

    Hitler Violates the Treaty of Versailles

    In March 1935, Hitler publicly broke with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles by announcing his plans to rearm Germany.
  • Period: to

    Nazi Expansionism

    Germany annexed the Saar region in 1935, the Rhineland in 1936, the Czech Sudetenland and Austria in 1938 and Poland in 1939.
  • Period: to

    Stalin’s Second Five-Year Plan

    After the first three of Stalin's five-year plans, Russia had transformed into an industrial power.
    Industrialization continues, though living standards for citizens decline.
  • Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)

    Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)

    In 1938, Jews, their shops and their synagogues were attacked during the Night of Broken Glass.
  • Outbreak of WWII

    Outbreak of WWII

    Germany annexed... Poland in 1939. The latter move would trigger the Second World War.