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Period: to
Transforming The West
Homestead Act 1862, Promontory Point, Utah, Red River War, Killing of the Buffalo, Exodusters, Chinese Exclusion Act, Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, Dawes Severalty Act, Ghost Dancing, Klondike Gold Rush -
Homestead Act 1862(TTW)
The Homestead Act was endorsed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 20th 1862. The Homestead Act opened up settlement in the Western region of the United States. This allowed any American or freed slave up to claim for 160 acres of free federal land. After the end of the Civil war, many homes were established and claimed. -
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The Gilded Age
YMCA, Ward Bosses, Farmers Alliance, City Beautiful Movement, City Reforms, People’s Party/Populist Party, Pullman Strike, Gold vs. Silver, Election of 1896, Great Migration -
Period: to
Becoming in Industrial Power
Knights of Labor, Robber Barons, Haymarket Riot, American Federation of Labor, Kodak Camera, Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, Horizontal Integration, Sherman Anti-Trust Act, Department Stores -
YMCA(TGA)
The Young Men's Christian Association was founded in London, England by George Williams. The first YMCA in the United States was founded opened on December 1851 in Boston, Massachusetts by seaman, Captain Thomas Valentine Sullivan. The YMCA had libraries, kitchens, exercising, housing and other activities. -
Promontory Point, Utah(TTW)
The first transcontinental railroad is completed when the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads join together at Promontory Point, Utah. The Transcontinental railroad rapidly shortened the journey from coast to coast, which took six to eight months by wagon, to a one week's trip and helped established western settlements. Over 4,000 workers had built the transcontinental railroad over the Sierras and into the interior plains. Two thirds of the workers were Chinese. -
Knights of Labor(BIP)
Knights of Labors wanted to get rid of market competition for a cooperative one. They will open to all workers, but it was strictly secret to avoid sabotage by employers. They boycotted businesses. Laborers worked 8 hour work days and men and women were paid equally pay. This made Labor Day established as a national holiday -
Killing of the Buffalo(TTW)
Buffalo's were being shot and killed by white men. By 1875, over 9 million were killed. The natives were drastically affected because they used these animals for their source of food. They also conserved their bones to use them as tools. By the number of buffalo decreasing rapidly, the natives had no supplies for anything to survive. This caused a battle between natives & whites. -
Red River War(TTW)
In June of 1874, The U.S. wanted to remove Indian tribes from Texas and for them to relocate to the reservation in Oklahoma which is known as Indian Territory. Southern Plains Indians were upset over illegal white settlement and the shortage of buffalo. As a result, Southern Plain Indians attacked white settlements that were on their land. The Red River War officially ended in June 1875 when Quanah Parker and his band of Quahadi Comanche entered Fort Sill and surrendered. -
Exodusters(TTW)
Many African-Americans went to Kansas and other western states after the Reconstruction Era. The Homestead Act offered black people the opportunity to become owners of personal farmland. Many families were willing to make the sacrifice and travel to the west. The mass black population migrated from the South to Kansas which was known as the "Great Exodus". Blacks who participated in the migration were known as "Exodusters". -
Robber Barons(BIP)
Robber Barons were greedy capitalists that grew rich by shady business practices. These type of capitalists manipulated politicians and exploited workers. They affected other people/businesses. Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Vanderbilt are examples of robber barons -
Ward Bosses(TGA)
Ward Bosses were had many positions.They were positioned as precinct captains, ward captains, and district captains. They also had close relationships with businesses. The bosses gave immigrants jobs. -
Chinese Exclusion Act(TTW)
The Chinese Exclusion Act signed into law by Chester B. Arthur. This act was the first law banned further immigration to the U.S. .It restricted the immigration of unskilled laborers from China.This is a major turning point for America, which had previously welcomed all immigrants, but didn't welcome Chinese laborers. The Chinese Exclusion Act had a big effect on the United States' legal history. -
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show(TTW)
William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody was a former scout and buffalo hunter. He started his own western show in the eastern U.S. Many Americans were convinced that Buffalo Bill's display was an representation of the Wild West. Cody brought his audience Native Americans performers from several tribes. When the show collasped, Cody continued to perform in until his death. -
Haymarket Riot(BIP)
The Haymarket Riot began on May 4, 1886. This was a protest rally in Haymarket Square in Chicago, Illinois. About 300 police came to breakup crowd. It turned into a riot after someone through a bomb at police and at least 7 policemen died on this day. The proclaimed riot damaged the labor movement into the early 20th century. The Knights of Labor were blamed for the incident. -
American Federation of Labor(BIP)
American Federation of Labor was led by Samuel Gompers. It was an alliance of skilled workers in craft unions. It
concentrated on issues such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions. The American Federation of Labor takes place of the Knights of Labor. They didn’t allow unskilled laborers, women, blacks, or immigrants.There was capitalism involved instead of cooperatives. There were about 1.6 million members in the American Federation of Labor by 1904. -
Dawes Severalty Act(TTW)
The Dawes Severalty Act dissolved American Indian tribes. It also set up individuals as family heads with 160 acres. Dawes Severalty Act proved was a tool for taking lands from natives and giving it to white people. This act tried to reform Indian tribes and turn them into "white" citizens.The Wheeler-Howard Act ended further transfer of Indian lands to white people -
Kodak Camera(BIP)
The Kodak Camera was created by George Eastman. Eastman invention was the first major step into modern photography. The Kodak camera was a successful box camera for roll film. It allows us to capture moments in history. It took up to 100 exposure films, that appeared in circular images. It was sold roughly for about $25 with a leather carrying case. -
Andrew Carnegie(BIP)
Andrew Carnegie was born on November 25, 1835. He was also a Scottish immigrant. As a child, He grew up poor with no money. He then became a powerful philanthropist and accumulated a fortune in the steel industry. Carnegie was the 1st to invest in the Bessemer Process. Over the course of years, He becomes an important factor in the steel industry. -
John Rockefeller(BIP)
John D.Rockefeller was born on July 8, 1839. Unlike Carnegie, Rockefeller didn't grow up poor. He became one of the world's wealthiest men and a major philanthropist. He was known as the Carnegie of oil production. He did the same things as Carnegie and controlled 90% of domestic oil. He went from vertical integration to horizontal. Critics accused Rockefeller of engaging in immoral practices such as eliminating his competitors in order to gain a monopoly in the industry. -
Ghost Dancing(TTW)
The Ghost Dancing was a resistance to white order. The dances were to make dead spirits protect them from bullets and it was very popular among natives. A shaman envisioned a flood washing away whites natives to return to their way of life.This type of dancing was popular among western native peoples. Many whites seen this as a threat because they saw natives coming together and participating in unknown event/ritual. -
Horizontal Integration(BIP)
Horizontal Integration is increasing production of goods and services at the same part of the supply chain. It acquires a company in the same line of business with intentions of growing rapidly without moving into another industry. This meant companies can buy out their competition to achieved greater order. For example, Heinz and Kraft merged into one company -
Farmers Alliance(TGA)
Farmers Alliance took reins from the Granger Movement. The alliance includes 5 million white farmers. Farmers were angered that they were being overcharged on shipping crops and high interest loans. Cooperative farmers united and negotiating higher crop prices, better loan rates, and insurance. This alliance became political to fighting monopolies.They won big in 1890. -
Social Darwinism(IMP)
Social Darwinism created the expansion of imperialism by saying more people were more advanced than others. As Europeans and as a white race they were more dominant and it was only fair to take takeover inferior people to improve their nature and mankind. It was natures law to destruction the weaker races and gave less opportunities -
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Imperialism
Social Darwinism, Queen Liliuokalani, Yellow Journalism, Treaty of Paris 1898, Open Door Policy, Election of 1900, Platt Amendment, Roosevelt Corollary, Theodore Roosevelt, Anti-Japanese laws in California -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act(BIP)
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 was passed in July 2, 1890. The U.S Congress made the act to make creations of monopolies or trusts illegal so free trade is restrained. The act was a hamper on worker unions, but it showed that the government was slowly moving away from Laissez Faire ideals. The act was useless to tackling monopolies. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act will later become successful. -
City Beautiful Movement(TGA)
The City Beautiful Movement took place in the 1890's. It reduced and eliminated city problems by redesigning. The movement promoted order, harmony,and virtue while beautifying the nation's new urban spaces. This movement redesigned public squares, large open parks, boulevards and classical architecture -
People’s Party/Populist Party(TGA)
The People’s Party A.K.A.Populist Party was a 3rd party formed for farmers, workers,and reformers. The 3rd party better serves interests and independent of establishments. The Populist Party fights corruption and greed. They dealt with the elimination of monopolies,
coinage of silver, graduated income tax and storage of surplus. Democrats & Republicans, including industrial workers attacked the populists. This party performed well at a state and local level, but didn’t perform well nationally. -
City Reforms(TGA)
The city reform was a sign of "fixing" immigration. Police forces came to protect the public, sanitation was created to protect public health and public parks was to preserve nature in the cities.There was condemnation of slums and education. For education, Public schooling was mandatory. Immigrant children were able to attend school, but they were “Americanize” immigrants. Schools made the Pledge of Allegiance mandatory. -
Ida B. Wells(PE)
Ida B. Wells was a journalist, civil rights and women's activist. She was the Co-Founder of NAACP in 1909. The NAACP is the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She wrote documents on lynchings in the South. She was against white on black violence meant to control African-Americans and supported women's suffrage -
Queen Liliuokalani(IMP)
Queen Liliuokalani was the Queen of the Hawaiian Islands. She became queen after the her brother, King Kalakaua, died in 1891. She opposed the annexation of Hawaii to the US. The US overthrew the queen, imposed military control, and imprisonment of Liliuokalani. They set up a provisional government and a naval base because it was need. -
Pullman Strike(TGA)
George Pullman built luxury railroad cars. It was a company town built for employees. Because of the Depression of 1893 hurt the company town. They had to lay off workers & cut salaries. This led to a workers strike. American Railway Union (ARU) started to shut down the American railroads. President Grover Cleveland steps into the strike. As strikers started to gain attention, they gained some public support. -
Booker T. Washington(PE)
Booker T. Washington was born April 5, 1856. He was also a former slave. He wanted vocational jobs and gradual civil rights. Washington also stated in his famous "Atlanta Compromise" speech in 1895 that blacks had to accept segregation in the short term as they focused on economic gain to achieve political equality in the future. He played an important role model for future leaders of the civil rights movement. -
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Progressive Era
Ida B. Wells, Booker T. Washington, Carrie A. Nation, The Jungle, Muller v. State of Oregon, Muckrakers, Federal Reserve Act, National Park System, Child Labor, 19th Amendment -
Gold vs. Silver(TGA)
Gold symbolized the rich and silver symbolized the workers. Many democrats and populists had more money in their circulation. There was a coinage of a 16:1 ratio. Republican William McKinley
was for standard gold and Democrat William Jennings Bryan was for free silver. This would end monopolies and depressions. There was more silver than gold and both was to exist in the economy -
Election of 1896(TGA)
The Republican nominees were William McKinley and Garret A. Hobart. The Democratic nominees were William Jennings Bryan and Arthur Sewall. McKinley won the republican vote and Bryan won the democratic vote. The issue was currency dealing with gold vs. silver
In the end, McKinley won the election -
Department Stores(BIP)
The first department store was opened in 1846. Many goods were organized into different “departments”. Department stores offered fixed prices, money back guarantees,and free delivery, but bartering was't involved. People shopped for the experience, not just deals. There were Five and dime stores and they offered large discounts to customers. The term discount was for buying in bulk and was passed on to customers. -
Yellow Journalsim(IMP)
Yellow Journalism is dramatic, sensationalist, and highly exaggerated stories. William Hearst moved into New York City in 1895 and bought Yellow Journalism. He wanted to out-do his competition. This type of journalism increased newspaper sales. It was also used against the Spanish.They told tales of rape & murder in Cuba. They also exaggerated women being abused by the Spanish -
Klondike Gold Rush(TTW)
The Klondike Gold Rush was attempted by many people to travel to the Klondike region of Yukon in Northwestern Canada between 1897 and 1899. Many hoped to find gold. Some miners discovered an abundance of gold and became wealthy. The Klondike Gold Rush ended in 1899 after gold was discovered in Nome, Alaska prompting an exodus from the Klondike. -
Carrie A. Nation(PE)
Carrie A. Nation at the time was a 64 year-old religious woman. Carrie Nation was a prohibition activist through the WCTU and vandalized saloons.The WCTU was Women’s Christian Temperance Union. Carrie Nation and the group feared that alcohol was undermining American morals and way. She smashed bars and saloons with her small ax and the Bible. -
Treaty of Paris 1898(IMP)
The Treaty of Paris 1898 was the peace treaty that was made between Spain and the United States after the Spanish-American War. The Treaty of Paris 1898 was signed on December 10, 1889 at the end of the Spanish-American war, but did not came to effect on April 11, 1899. The Treaty of Paris clarified that Spain agreed to remove all soldiers from Cuba, ceded Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States. The United States exchange Spain for its losses with $20 million dollars. -
Open Door Policy(IMP)
The Open Door Policy was proposed by American secretary John Hay. The Open Door Policy is a policy that proposed all nations should have equal opportunities to trade in China. Hay wanted to attempt to protect Chinese independence and protect American interests in China. This stopped European colonization of China. As a result, the Chinese were angry with foreign domination -
Election of 1900(IMP)
The election of 1900 was a rematch of the 1896 race between President William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. The recent victory of the Spanish-American War helped McKinley win. McKinley choose Theodore Roosevelt as his running mate as his Vice President in the election. When McKinley was assassinated in 1901, Roosevelt toke over as President. -
Platt Amendment(IMP)
Platt Amendment was approved in 1901. This amendment replaced the Teller Amendment. The Platt Amendment was a treaty between the U.S. and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba's independence from foreign intervention. It allowed the U.S. to be involved with Cuban international and domestic affairs for the Cubans independence -
Roosevelt Corollary(IMP)
The Roosevelt Corollary was presented by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904. The Roosevelt Corollary strengthened the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that the US can step into international affairs if a weaker country is being preyed upon by a stronger nation. This corollary was declared in response to Europeans colonizing in Latin America -
Theodore Roosevelt(IMP)
Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th American President and served in office from 1901-1909. Roosevelt represented the Republican political party and created The Square Deal Policy. He pledged not to favor any group of Americans, but to be fair to all. Teddy Roosevelt was a great environmentalist and advocate of the Conservation Movement and passed he National Monuments Act. The purpose of the two was to protect natural resources. -
The Jungle(PE)
The Jungle was a novel written by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair. The novel was about a struggling immigrant family living in poverty and working conditions. It showed the reality of the food industry. It showed there was rotten meat, severed fingers, and rat feces. It won over the people. -
Muller v. State of Oregon(PE)
The issue was Oregon passed a law that prohibited women from working more than 10 hours in one day. Curt Muller, a laundry owner, was charged with permitting Emma Gotcher to work more than 10 hours. Muller was fined $10. -
Muckrakers(PE)
Muckrakers were over overzealous journalists. They investigated the government scandals & corruptions of leaders. Americans support a new amendment which was the 17th Amendment. It allowed voters, not state legislators, to appoint Senators to Congress. It cleared out corruption. -
Federal Reserve Act(PE)
Federal Reserve Act was an Act of Congress that created and set up the central banking system of the U.S. which is called Federal Reserve System. The act holds bank funds in emergency times, set loan rates and issues currency. It granted the legal authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes , which is now commonly known as U.S. Dollar. The Act was signed into law and Public Board of Governors were appointed by President Woodrow Wilson. -
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World War I
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, The Schlieffen Plan, Zimmerman Telegram, Sussex Pledge, No Man's Land, Espionage Act, 14 Points, General John Pershing,Treaty of Versailles -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand(WWI)
Franz Ferdinand was the Archduke of Austria Hungary. The Archduke was assassinated on June 28, 1914, while making a visit in Sarajevo, Bosnia. Ferdinand and his wife was assassinated by the Black Hand. The Black Hand was a terrorist group in Seberia that vowed to take action because Serbians viewed Austrians as foreign oppressors. Ferdinand assassin was Gavrilo Princip. As a result, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand became a factor of World War 1. -
The Schlieffen Plan(WWI)
The Schlieffen Plan was a battle plan drawn by Germany if they would ever face a two front war. The plan was first created by General Count Alfred Graf von Schlieffen. The execution of the Schlieffen Plan led to Britain declaring war on Germany . After declaring war, the adoption of the plan caused Germany to also declare war on France. The Schlieffen Plan end up not working because of France & British troops -
RMS Lusitania(WWI)
RMS Lusitania was a British passenger ship. The ship was torpedoed and sunk by the submerged German U-boat on May 6 1915. About 1200 people died including Americans that were on board. Many American's were angered about the death American passengers. Many question is weapons were on board. Newspaper warning were being produced. The Germans ceased attacks -
National Park System(PE)
National Park System was established in 1916. Big business conservationists advocated the establishment of this system. The public demanded the creation of the National Park System. National Park Systems runs all national parks, monuments and historical sites. -
Great Migration(TGA)
The Great Migration was the migration of many African Americans from the rural south to the urban northern cities. African Americans migrated for jobs in the North. Between 1890 and 1910, African Americans moved north to escape from the Jim Crow laws. From 1890 to 1910, about 300 thousand African Americans populated the North. By 1970, over 7 million African Americans populated the North. -
Zimmerman Telegram(WWI)
The Zimmerman telegram was a secret coded message sent by German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman to Mexico in January 1917. The British code breakers intercepted the message. In the message, The Germans proposed a military alliance with Mexico against the US. Because of the telegram, This led the U.S.to join the war. -
Sussex Pledge(WWI)
In 1916, The Germans pledge to stop sinking passenger ships and that merchant ships would not be sunk until the presence of weapons had been established and provisions made for the safety of passengers. The Germans eventually went back to submarine warfare. Due German's returning to submarine warfare, RMS Lusitania was torpedoed by German U-Boats, which included British and American passengers. Because of this incident, the pledge ended and Wilson wanted to declare and join World War I -
No Man's Land(WWI)
No Man's Land was a strip of land between the trenches of opposing armies along the Western Front during World War I. This land consisted of many corpses, barbed wire, mud and holes from the artillery. Soldiers could not get passed No Men's Land because on the opposing side there were snipers positioned on the other side. Many men died in No man’s land because they went over the top to be vulnerable to gun fire from the enemy. -
Espionage Act(WWI)
On June 15,1917, Congress passed the Espionage Act after the entrance of World War I. This act made it a crime for a person to transfer information with intentions to interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the United States. People caught doing this would be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than 20 years, or both. This was mainly used against socialists & communists -
14 Points(WWI)
The Fourteen Points was a statement given to Congress on January 8,1918 by President Woodrow Wilson. The Fourteen Points was a peace treaty suggesting that the League of Nations should bring peace to the political and territorial independence of countries. The 14 Points established the conditions of the WWI Armistice and it brought the ending of WWI. -
General John Pershing(WWI)
General John Pershing was a military general that led the American Expeditionary Force. John Pershing helped stop the Germans in France.This pushed the Germans back to the trenches. He was an important factor. Without Pershing leading the Expeditionary Force to war, the Allies may have loss. -
Child Labor(PE)
Children worked to keep families financially going. It was exploitation by big business to others. Some people claimed it ruined childhood. Child labor damaged health and lacked of educational opportunities. Because of this, New laws were passed. Supreme Court of the United States found them unconstitutional. School attendance chips into child labor -
Treaty of Versailles(WWI)
World War I officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919, which is the anniversary of the assassination of Archduke Fran Ferdinand. Germany to take full responsibility for the war. France, Britain and Italy wanted to take revenge and punish the Germans. The treaty crippled the German economy and wouldn’t rebuild their army. -
Ku Klux Klan(1920's)
In the 1920's, There was a 2nd wave of the Ku Klux Klan. This wave followed the Red Scare, suffrage, prohibition,and immigration. The Ku Klux Klan was initially suppressed by the government. There was about 4 million of KKK members in this wave. Whites of the KKK upset over the Great Migration. Black communities were assaulted by white mobs. Because of this group, there were thousands of lynchings and turnings of blacks. They also targeted Jews, Catholics, immigrants and feminists -
Benefits(1920's)
After World War I, Their were many jobs, but some people weren't guaranteed jobs. These jobs had benefits. The benefits of working was having sick leave, getting stock ownership, pensions and medical insurance. It also included paid vacation, had to have instill loyalty -
New Roads(1920's)
Since Ford Model T was made, Their were natural dirt and rocky roads. As a result of the model, New roads were made of concrete. These roads were made to make driving smooth. Bridges and tunnels were also being built. In 1930, About 27 million cars were on the road, -
World Christian Fundamentals Assoc.(1920's)
World Christian Fundamentals Association was founded in 1919 by William Bell Riley. The World Christian Fundamentals Association prohibited the teaching of evolution. In the state of Tennessee, They criminalized people for not teaching creationism -
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1920's
18th Amendment, Benefits, Margeret Sanger, Charles Lindbergh, New Roads, World Christian Fundamentals Association, Ku Klux Klan, Scopes Monkey Trials,Kellogg-Briand Pact, St. Valentines Day Massacre -
18th Amendment(1920's)
The 18th amendment was officially ratified January 17,1920. This amendment stated the prohibition of alcohol. This banned the sale and drinking of alcohol in the United States. The reason for the banning because social problem and men beating their wives. As a result of the amendment, Alcohol was being bootlegging, crime was organized and mafias finances breweries. Later on, This amendment was repealed by the 21st amendment. -
19th Amendment(PE)
The 19th amendment extended the right for women vote to in federal or state elections and be equal. This meant no citizen can be denied the right to vote. The amendment states "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation." This amendment was ratified after the women's suffrage movement -
Margeret Sanger(1920's)
Margaret Sanger was an American nurse. She was an early feminist and women's rights activist who worked with the birth control towards legalization. She believed children made women improvised which resulted in birth control. She opened her very first birth control clinic and educated women about dangers of illegal abortion and contraceptives. Later on, She was arrested for distributing information on contraception -
Anti-Japanese laws in California(IMP)
In the state of California, It was illegal for the Japanese immigrants to own property. Many Americans feared the Japanese in the agriculture industry. In the U.S., citizenship was granted for white or African immigrants. The Supreme Court of The United States ruled the Japanese weren't ineligible for citizenship because they weren’t white. As a result, The Immigration Act of 1924 was passed. This act stated that Congress bans Asian immigration in 1924. -
Scopes Monkey Trials(1920's)
In Dayton, Tennessee, John Scopes, a high school science teacher, is accused of teaching human evolution in violation of a state law. Lawyer Clarence Darrow represented Scopes. John Scopes was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan. Bryan Christian was for the amendment that banned the teaching of evolution. In the end Scopes was fined $100. -
Charles Lindbergh(1920's)
Charles Lindbergh was born February 4, 1902. Lindbergh was an American pilot. He flew his plane "Spirit of St. Louis" from New York to Paris. He successfully flew across the Atlantic non-stop in 33.5 hours. After flying to France, He became an instant american hero. His flight also promoted the idea of commercial air transportation. Just because he was a U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve officer , He won the Medal of Honor and won a $25,000 prize -
Kellogg-Briand Pact(1920's)
The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement to outlaw war signed on August 27, 1928. The Kellogg-Briand Pact, also known as the Pact of Paris. It was initiated by the French minister Aristides Briand. Briand wanted an agreement to where 2 countries would never go to war against each other. It would mean that if France ever violated the US's neutral shipping rights, the US would not be able to declare war. Kellogg (the US representative) turned the tables by having 62 nations sign the pact. -
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The Great Depression
The Stock Market Crash of 1929, National Recovery Administration,
Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, 20th Amendment, 21 Amendment, The Dust Bowl, Huey Long “The King Fish"
Works Progress Administration, African Americans -
St. Valentines Day Massacre(1920's)
During the streets of Chicago in the late 1920s, There were many gangs. A chief gangster, Al Capone, was looking forward to controlling by eliminating his enemies that were into the prostitution, gambling and bootlegging business. On February 14, 1929, Seven men who were involved with the Irish gangster George “Bugs” Moran was shot multiple times by men who were dressed up as policemen, who worked for Capone. This day was known as the St. Valentine's Day Massacre. -
The Stock Market Crash of 1929(TGD)
The Stock Market Crash of 1929 was 10 days of plummeting stocks. During the crash, Investors sold off stock. Thousands of people ran on banks and millions lost their life savings. There were 3 crucial issues. There were Speculation of stocks, short-term loans were being used, and prices over-inflated. Stock prices fell meaning there was no profit to pay off loans -
Eleanor Roosevelt(TGD)
Eleanor Roosevelt was Teddy Roosevelt’s niece. She was the 5th cousin of Franklin D. Roosevelt. She also married her 5th couisn FDR. She was the 1st modern day First Lady. She was outspoken and traveled a lot. She cared for the people and their plight.She hated the treatment of African-Americans in the South. She was one of the women into politics. She was known as FDR’s right hand when he was affect by his illness. -
National Recovery Administration (TGD)
National Recovery Administration established by U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. The NRA was there to address issues in industry by setting antitrust laws to the side and allowed the government, businesses and labor to work together in business codes. The codes addressed many issues including working hours, productivity, minimum wages, and setting prices. The NRA started he program but it failed was declared unconstitutional in 1935 by the Supreme Court. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt(TGD)
Franklin D. Roosevelt was the 5th cousin of Teddy Roosevelt. FDR was the 32th President of the U.S. During his term, He was elected 4 times. He was paralyzed from the waist down after suffering from polio. He kept his illness a secret from voters so they didn't think of him different and won't vote for him. He was charismatic & likable. He want to reform and fight the Depression, so the New Deal Agency was established -
20th Amendment(TGD)
The 20th Amendment was passed by Congress on March 2, 1932. It was ratified January 23, 1933. This amendment changed term dates for President & Congress. Presidential inauguration was moved to the month January instead of March. This amendment was known as the Lame Duck Amendment. It mainly shortened the period of time a member of congress who was defeated for reelection remains in office -
21 Amendment(TGD)
The 21st amendment was officially ratified December 5,1933. It repealed the 18th amendment, which is the banning of alcohol. The 21st amendment legalized the making and selling alcoholic beverages in the United States. This gave the states the right to determine the alcohol laws for their own states. President Roosevelt signed the proclamation ending the 18th amendment. -
The Dust Bowl(TGD)
The Dust Bowl is an environmental disaster in the Midwest in the 1930's. The topsoil was blown away by a drought & poor farming. The Dust Bowl suffocated livestock, caused pneumonia in children, and deposited dirt on houses. Families were forced to move out their homes and moved to California. The Dust Bowl made the Great Depression worst. -
Huey Long “The King Fish”(TGD)
Huey Long was former corrupt governor of Louisiana. He became the Senator of Louisiana. He was politically driven was a socialist. He initially supported F.D.R. New Deal but, he wanted it to be faster. As a result, Huey pushes F.D.R. further left which means more liberal. -
Works Progress Administration(TGD)
Works Progress Administration was founded by 1935. The Works Progress Administration was the largest and most ambitious New Deal program. They employed 8 million of unemployed unskilled men to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads. It was later renamed the Work Projects Administration in 1939. This administration was officially dissolved in 1943. -
African Americans(TGD)
During this time period, African Americans received benefits for the first time. Eleanor Roosevelt gained interest into Civil Rights. Many women, farmers, African Americans, labor unions, immigrants, Roman Catholics, and liberals joined the New Deal Coalition. The New Deal Coalition allowed F.D.R. to pass New Deal legislation. This allowed the Democratic Party cater to black issues. -
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World War II
Hitler Youth, Allies Powers, Axis Powers,Pearl Harbor, U.S. Office of War Information, D-Day, Navajo Code Talkers, VE Day, Battle of Okinawa, The Little Boy Bomb -
Hitler Youth(WWII)
The Hitler Youth was an organization set up by Adolf Hitler in 1933. It's purpose was to educate and train male youth the concept of the Nazis. It was German youth groups and clubs for boys and girls between the ages of 10-18. Baldur von Schirach was the head of the Hitler Youth programs. The Hitler Youth was under his leadership by 1933. It became a state agency that all young “Aryan” Germans were expected to be apart of the Hitler Young. In 1940, Artur Axmann was appointed new leader -
Axis Powers(WWII)
The Axis Powers opposed to the Allies during the World War II. The Nazi's of Germany, Fascist of Italy and the Empire of Japan were part of an alliance.The Axis Powers controlled empires that dominated large parts of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Pacific Ocean. As a result of World War II ending, The Axis Powers was defeated. Germany, Italy and Japan agreed on The Tripartite Pact. They agreed that they would help each other in any events of attacks. -
Allies Powers(WWII)
The Allies Powers included Great Britain, The United States, China, France and the Soviet Union during World War II. The leaders of the Allies were Franklin Roosevelt the United States, Winston Churchill Great Britain, and Joseph Stalin the Soviet Union. The Allies opposed the Axis powers and wanted a peaceful post-war. The alliance was created in 1907 and was called the Triple Entente.
They wanted to prevent Germany from rising again. In the end, Allied Powers won. -
Pearl Harbor(WWII)
Pearl Harbor was a U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii. On December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor was struck with a surprise attack by Japan at 8 a.m. . Hundreds of Japanese fighter planes destroyed about 18 American vessels, along with 5 battleships, and 190 airplanes. As a result, 2,335 Americans died in the attack, while 1,143 people were wounded. After the attack, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan. -
U.S. Office of War Information (WWII)
The United States Office of War Information (OWI) was a United States government agency created during World War II to promote patriotism, warn about foreign spies, propoganda abroad, and help keep Americans united behind the war effort. They promoted through radio broadcasts, newspapers, posters, photographs, films and other forms of media. This was the connection between the battlefront and civilian communities. -
D-Day(WWII)
D-Day was the invasion of France. The invasion was led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower of the Allies. There were over a million troops going to the beaches at Normandy, France crossing the English Channel to start the process of taking back France. On D-Day, the Allies landed around 156,000 troops in Normandy. There were 6,939 vessels present during D-Day . The D-Day invasion was successful. Many soldiers, vehicles and supplies landed in France. The Allied forces moved inland. -
Navajo Code Talkers(WWII)
The Navajo Indians served served the U.S. by enlisting in the military and working in thousands of factories across the United States. There were more than 400 recruitment of Navajos as Code Talkers They translated U.S. code into the Native American language so that enemy forces could not decipher the content. Without these codes, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima. -
VE Day(WWII)
VE Day was known as Victory in Europe. This was marked the conclusion of World War II and the official defeat of the Nazi's. Adolf Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945, which drove the Nazi's to surrender days later to the Allies. While VE Day was going, there was still misery going around world -
Battle of Okinawa(WWII)
The Battle of Okinawa was the last major Pacific island battle of World War II. The battle involved 287,000 U.S. troops against 130,000 Japanese soldiers. By the end of the 82-day campaign, Japan had lost more than 77,000 soldiers and the Allies had suffered more than 65,000 casualties—including 14,000 dead. -
The Little Boy Bomb(WWII)
In 1945, The Little Boy Bomb was created in the United States by the military . The Little Boy Bomb was the first bomb to land in Hiroshima, Japan during World War II. The pilot, Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. of the US Navy flew the aircraft Enola Gay. The bomb weighed 9,700 pounds, had a filling weight of 140 pounds, and 28 inches in diameter. The Little Boy was developed after the Thin Man nuclear bomb, which was unsuccessful.
