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Period: to
Transforming the West
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The Homestead Act
The Homestead Act were several United States law that gave ownership of a certain amount of land for free. About 10 Percent of the entire US land was given away. About 270 Million Acres were given away to 1.6 million people. This land was given away so people could have there own place to stay and farm, including freed slaves got free land. It all happened in the western United States, this act remained in place for about 100 years. All of this was thanks to westward expansion. -
Morill Land Grant College Act
This act became the pathway for classes to gain higher education, President Abraham Lincoln signed the " landmark legislation". It gave states "land-grants" or money to establish colleges in engineering, agriculture and military science. It was extremely successful, he gave sons of America's growing industrial class higher education as they grew and gave them the chance to do something bigger. -
Laizzez Affair
This word is self sort of explains to you what it is, it almost looks like the word lazy. In US History they explain it by saying the government is lazy by passing this law and letting business taking care of them selfs without them interfering. Or also is an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government. -
Knights of labor
Are an important national labour organization and it is meant to protect its members from employer retaliations. Their group grew after the railway strike reaching its highest ever on 700,000. Their goal was to organize the workers under one brotherhood rather than separate unions, but they failed because of their unsuccessful strikes. -
Andrew Carnegie
A Scottish-born man in the 1835 an died in 1919 had an idea that would help explode the US, his idea. Steel. He grew up to be an industrialist who amassed a fortune in the steel industry then became a major philanthropist. Carnegie worked in a Pittsburgh cotton factory as a boy before rising to the position of division superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1859. -
Red River war
It was a military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874 to remove the Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory this war only lasted a couple months and is not greatly seen in history. -
Battle of Little Bighorn
This battle is also known as Custer's Last Stand and it took place on June 25th, 1876 with the victory as an Indian fighter in the west and a defeat for the US forces which was the most significant action of the. It was fought along the Little Bighorn River in the Crow Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana Territory. -
The Great uprising
his is also knows as the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, because the B&O or the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad cut wages for the third time in a year. This strike finally ended some 45 days later, after it was put down by local and state militias, and federal troops. Because of economic problems and pressure on wages by the railroads, workers in numerous other cities, in New York, Pennsylvania and Maryland, into Illinois and Missouri, also went out on strike. About 10 people died. -
Exodusters
Exodusters were African Americans who migrated from states along the Mississippi river to Kansas in the nineteenth century. The first big wave of blacks came after the Civil War. Most of them left to try to escape racial violence by white supremacist groups also knows as the KKK. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
This law was a US federal law passed by our own president Chester A. Arthur on May of 1882. The law no longer allowed immigration or other Chinese heritage people to come into the US. The act was intended to last only 10 years but got renewed in 1892, and was made permanent. -
Spoils System
The spoils system was a policy by Andrew Jackson to remove federal employees he considered to be political opponents and replace them with his own supporters. Also called patronage system, people of no skills were coming into taking federal jobs just because the president fired them and wanted someone else there but this system stopped that. -
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
The Wild West Show traveled all over the United States and Europe, this went on from 1870 to about 1920. It started of also as a theatrical stage production but slowly developed into an open-air show. It intention was to introduce many western performers to a wider audience. The show was started by a man known as William F. Cody at Omaha, Nebraska. -
Period: to
Becoming Industrial Power
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Pullman Strike
It was an major strike in the US, it was a railroad strike in the United States on May 11, 1894. It pitted the American Railway Union (ARU) against the Pullman Company, the main railroads, and the federal government of the United States under President Grover Cleveland. It ended when the Federal government issued an injunction to end it. -
Nativism
Nativism is an idea for people who don't want anymore immigrants coming into the US as you can see in the picture. Nativism is a concept that has been very controversial in American political discourse. Through its nineteenth-century, anti-immigration, Anglo-Protestant views that vouch for a more pure and “white” America, it is understandable why many people oppose nativists and nativism in general. -
Haymarket Riot
The riot happened because of a violet riots in Chicago's very own Haymarket Square. It happened on May 4th, 1886. The riots began by the reaction to police brutality during a strike for eight-hour workdays. One person was killed while the rest were just wounded, they showed peace to the police until a person threw a bomb into the crowd and killed seven policeman. The people who got arrested, most of them committed suicide once in jail. -
Great Upheaval of 1886
It all started when they demanded to cut the workers pay 2 times in less than eight months. The first one was a 10% reduction, by the second one they all drove their engines into roundhouse and declared no train would leave into they got atleast their regular pay back. Until the mayor told the governor of West Virginia to send units of national guards. This was the first mass strike to include people from different countries. -
Interstate Commenrce Commission
This was an agency that was created by the ICA of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. Congress expanded ICC authority to regulate other modes of commerce beginning in 1906. -
Dawes Severality Act
It was approved in February 8th, 1887 also know as the General Allotment Act. It gave power to the president to survey American Indian land and divide it into allotments and lived separately from the tribes with citizenships. It was created by Senator Henry Laurens Dawes of Massachusetts. It objective was to abolish tribal and communal rights or Native Americans. -
Period: to
The Gilded Age
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Hull House
The Hull House was founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr on the west side of Chicago, Illinois. It was founded for recently arrived European Immigrants, by 1911, Hull House had grown to 13 buildings. In 1912 the Hull House complex was completed with the addition of a summer camp, the Bowen Country Club. But now it is a well known museum that people can go and visit. -
Tenements
A tenement was a bad cared apartment type place that people stayed on, it wasn't until later that, more than 80,000 tenements had been built in New York City. They housed a population of 2.3 million people, a full two-thirds of the city's total population of around 3.4 million. Holding mostly immigrants coming in seeking a better life for themselves and their family. These had to be build because of them, because of doubling population every decade from 1800 to 1880 -
Free Enterprise
An economic system where private business operates in competition and largely free of state control. So it basically giving a privately own business to organize profit beyond regulation to protect public interest and keep economy balanced. -
Sherman Anti-trust Act
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act in a law passes by congress that stopped and did not allow companies involved in restrain of trade or monopolistic practices. Which just means two companies selling the same things could not get together and discuss that they both had to raise their prices on products so people had no choice but to buy them for the price listed because they competition also had the same price. -
Depression of 1893
It was one of the biggest problems people faced in the 1890s. It was a big financial downturn and was preceded by a series of shocks that undermined public confidence and weakened the economy. It also gave specular financial crisis the contributed to the economic recession. -
Worlds Colombian Exposition
Another name for this is Chicago World's Fair and Chicago Columbian Exposition was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492.The centerpiece of the Fair, the large water pool, represented the long voyage Columbus took to the New World -
Election of 1896
William McKinley won this election with 271 electoral votes from the republican party. The United States presidential election of November 3, 1896, saw Republican William McKinley defeat Democrat William Jennings Bryan in a campaign considered by historians to be one of the most dramatic and complex in American history. -
Period: to
Progressive Era
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Klondike Gold Rush
About 100,000 prospectors migrated into this Klondike Region of Yukon in north-western Canada, when gold was discovered by local settlers. Only some became rich, but the majority went into vain. The only way to get through this Region was very hard, you had to be mentally and physically prepared and bring about year's supply of food in order to survive. The towns population grew about 30,000 by the summer or 1898. -
Treaty of Paris 1898
This was a treaty or an agreement in 1898 that resulted in the Spanish Empire's surrendering control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of the Spanish West Indies, the island of Guam, and the Philippines to the United States. The cession of the Philippines involved a payment of $20 million from the United States to the Spanish Empire. -
Battle of Manilla Bay
It took place during the Spanish-American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Admiral Patricio Montojo. It resulted in the defeat of the Spanish Pacific fleet by the U.S. Navy, resulting in the fall of the Philippines and contributing to the final U.S. victory in the Spanish–American War. -
Election of 1900
This election was a competition between two Williams. William McKinley, a republican, defeated William J. Bryan, a Democrat-Populist with 292 popular votes against 155. He also beat him in the popular votes 7,207,923 to 6,358,155. -
Social Darwinism
The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform -
Americanization
It was an act American's had to try to assimilate other immigrants coming into the US or make them think and look exactly like them. This is the action of making a person or thing American in character or nationality. It as majorly used in the 1900's when immigration was at the highest. -
Teddy Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was born October 27, 1858 and died January 6, 1919. He was an American statesman and writer who served as the 26th President of the United States for 2 terms, from 1901 to 1909 as the youngest to ever do so. But not just that he was the 25th Vice President of the United States from March to September 1901 and as the 33rd Governor of New York from 1899 to 1900 and also was the leader of the republican party. -
Boxer Rebellion
The boxer rebellion is also known as the Yihetuan Movement and it was a violent anti-foreign uprising that took place in China, towards the end of the Qing dynasty. It all stated because Chinese citizens were rebelling against oppressive rule by foreign governments. The Militia United in Righteousness (Yihetuan), known in English as the "Boxers" started all of this. It was known as the "boxer rebellion" because of their knowledge in martial arts including boxing. -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863 and died April 7, 1947 at age 83. He invented the first automobile that many middle-class Americans could afford. Ford was the founder of Ford Motor Company and was a American captain of industry and a business magnate, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. -
Big Stick Policy
The big stick policy came in with the Roosevelt corollary in 1904 as an act to enforce it into the U.S. His big stick policy said " speak softly, and carry a big stick.". Which he just used as a way to tell people to not speak loudly or saying everything they had and talk tough, which in his case was the Navy. The last part is just used to say that he is ready to use his navy when he needs. -
Roosevelt Corollary
he Roosevelt Corollary was exactly like the Monroe Doctrine but on steroids and was implemented after the Venezuela Crisis of 1902-1903. The corollary states that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European countries and Latin American countries to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than having the Europeans press their claims directly. -
Schlieffen Plan
The Schlieffen Plan was created by General Count Alfred von Schlieffen in December 1905. The Schlieffen Plan was the operational plan for a designated attack on France once Russia, in response to international tension, had started to mobilise her forces near the German border. Alfred von Schlieffen, German Army Chief of Staff, was given instructions to devise a strategy that would be able to counter a joint attack -
Meat Inspection Act
It was an act BY the United States Congress that helped prevent adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food and to ensure that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. These requirements also apply to imported meat products, which must be inspected under equivalent foreign standards.. -
Muller vs. Oregon
Was a major court case that promoted the fact that any woman, despite the race was given the right to work less work-hours than allotted to men. The posed question was whether women's liberty to negotiate a contract with an employer should be equal to a man's -
Period: to
Imperialism
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The Great White Fleet
The great white fleet started sailing on December 16, 1907, and concluded on February 22, 1909. It was made up of 14,000 sailors on about 16 battleships and accompanying vessels, was sent around the world for fourteen months by President Roosevelt. Its primary purpose was to showcase American naval power. The backdrop to the Great White Fleet was in the United States' effort to modernize its naval fleet in the 1880s with modern steel ships. -
Dollar Diplomacy
It was a foreign policy created by President William Taft who served from 1909 to 1913, and it is a teem used to describe the efforts of the United States-particularly under President William Howard Taft-to further its foreign policy aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. -
Angel Island
Was an immigration station located in San Francisco Bay that was opened from January 21, 1910 to November 5, 1940. Immigrants coming into the U.S where detained and interrogated, question ranged their identity to political views. The U.S wanted to make sure no diseases came in and no dumb people came in also. -
Election of 1912
Democratic Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey unseated incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft and defeated Former President Theodore Roosevelt, who ran as the Progressive Party ("Bull Moose") nominee. Roosevelt remains the only third party presidential candidate in U.S. history to finish better than third in the popular or electoral vote. Due to the split of the Republican vote Woodrow was able to win. -
Woodrow Wilson
An American statesman and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party. As president, he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933. He also led the United States during World War I, establishing an activist foreign policy known as "Wilsonianism." He was one the three key leaders at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, where he championed a new League of Nations. -
Federal Reserve Act
An Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System (the central banking system of the United States), and which created the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes (commonly known as the US Dollar) as legal tender. The Act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. A system of private and public entities. There were to be at least eight and no more than twelve private regional Federal Reserve banks. -
Trench Warfare
A type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. The most famous use of trench warfare is the Western Front in World War I. It has become a byword for stalemate, attrition, sieges and futility in conflict. Trench warfare occurred when a revolution in firepower was not matched by similar advances in mobility. -
Panama Canal
A waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. The United States took over the project in 1904 and opened the canal on August 15, 1914. One of the most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut reduced the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, enabling them to avoid the Cape Horn route around the southern tip of South America. -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Fernidad
An event that is widely acknowledged to have sparked the outbreak of World War I, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is shot to death along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia. The assassination of Franz-Ferdinand set off a chain of events: Austria-Hungary, countries around the world, blamed the Serbia for the attack and hoped to use the incident to settle the question of Slav nationalism once and for all. -
Period: to
WWI
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Being a part of war in not easy, most people rather die than come out alive due to some of the disorders you can have after the war. one of them includes PTSD. This is a disorder you get when you get flashbacks of the war if you come-out alive. The people who get PTSD feel upset by things that remind you of what happened. Have nighmares or make you feel like it's a happening all over again, feeing emotionaly cut off from others. -
Zimmerman Telegram
A secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico. Mexico would recover Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. The proposal was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence. Revelation of this enraged Americans, especially after the German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann admitted the telegram was genuine, and helped generate support for the United States declaration of war on Germany. -
Russian Revolution
A pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union. The October Revolution (November in the Gregorian calendar), the Bolsheviks(led by Vladimir Lenin) led an armed insurrection by workers and soldiers in Petrograd that successfully overthrew the Provisional Government, transferring all its authority to the soviets with the capital being relocated to Moscow shortly thereafter. -
19th Amendment
The prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal. The first to set a time delay before it would take effect following ratification, and the first to set a time limit for its ratification by the states. President Woodrow Wilson vetoed the bill, but the House of Representatives overrode the veto, and the Senate did so as well the next day. -
Spanish Flu
An unusually deadly influenza pandemic, the first of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus. It infected 500 million people around the world, and resulted in the deaths of 50 to 100 million (three to five percent of the world's population), making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history. In the first year of the pandemic, life expectancy in the United States dropped by about 12 years. -
Wilson's 14 Points
A statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The speech made by Wilson took many domestic progressive ideas and translated them into foreign policy (free trade, open agreements, democracy and self-determination). Europeans generally welcomed Wilson's points, but his main Allied colleagues were skeptical of the applicability of Wilsonian idealism. -
Battle of Argonne Forest
A major part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front. The Meuse-Argonne Offensive was the largest in United States military history, involving 1.2 million American soldiers. It was one of a series of Allied attacks known as the Hundred Days Offensive, which brought the war to an end. The battle cost 28,000 German lives, 26,277 American lives and an unknown number of French lives. -
League Of Nations
An intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first international organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. Its primary goals, as stated in its Covenant, included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration. -
Harlem Rennisance
An intellectual, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanning the 1920s. During the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. The Movement also included the new African-American cultural expressions across the urban areas by those affected by the African-American Great Migration. The Harlem Renaissance was considered to be a rebirth of African-American arts. -
Al Capone
An American mobster, crime boss, and businessman who attained notoriety during the Prohibition era as the co-founder and boss of the Chicago Outfit. His seven-year reign as crime boss ended when he was 33. Capone expanded the bootlegging business through increasingly violent means, but his mutually profitable relationships with mayor William Hale Thompson and the city's police meant he seemed safe from law enforcement. -
Treaty of Versailles
The most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. Signed exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. one of the most important and controversial required "Germany [to] accept the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage". -
19th Amendment
The United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. The amendment was the culmination of the women's suffrage movement in the United States, which fought at both state and national levels to achieve the vote. The Nineteenth Amendment is identical to the Fifteenth Amendment, except one prohibits the denial of suffrage because of sex and the other of race. -
Period: to
The 1920s
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First Red Scare
A period during the early 20th-century history of the United States marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism and anarchism, due to real and imagined events; real events included those such as the Russian Revolution and anarchist bombings. At its height concerns over the alleged spread of communism and anarchism in the American labor movement fueled a general sense of concern if not paranoia -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
A bribery incident that took place in the United States during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert Bacon Fall had leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming and two other locations in California to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding. Fall was later convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies and became the first Cabinet member to go to prison. -
Marcus Garvey
A proponent of Black nationalism in Jamaica and especially the United States. He was a leader of a mass movement called Pan-Africanism and he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL). Garvey was imprisoned for mail fraud in the selling of its stock. His movement then rapidly collapsed. Although most American Black leaders condemned his methods Garvey attracted a large following. -
Immigration Act of 1924
A United States federal law that limited the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already living in the United States. The law was primarily aimed at further restricting immigration of Southern Europeans and Eastern Europeans, especially Italians, Slavs and Eastern European Jews. -
KKK
The KKK are in positions such as white supremacy, white nationalism, anti-immigration and—especially in later iterations—Nordics, anti-Catholicism and anti-Semitism. Historically, the KKK used terrorism—both physical assault and murder—against groups or individuals whom they opposed.All three movements have called for the "purification" of American society and all are considered right-wing extremist organizations. -
Mein Krampf
"My Struggle" is the title of Adolf Hitler's autobiography that was published July 18th, 1925. It took 8 years for this book to be published again, but this time in the English language. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany. Hitler began Mein Kampf while imprisoned for what he considered to be "political crimes" following his failed Putsch in Munich in November 1923 -
Charles Lindbergh
Charles Augustus Lindbergh was born February 4, 1902 and died August 26, 1974. He was an American aviator, that at age 25 in 1927, he went from obscurity as a U.S. Air Mail pilot to instantaneous world fame by winning the Orteig Prize–making a nonstop flight from Roosevelt Field, Long Island, New York, to Paris, France. He covered the 33 1⁄2-hour, 3,600 statute miles (5,800 km) alone in a single-engine purpose-built Ryan monoplane, Spirit of St. Louis. -
Temperance Movement
This is the movement that setup everything for the 18th Amendment to come in place. Woman especially protested for the banning of alcohol because males couldn't control them self's.Temperance Movement was an organized effort during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to limit or outlaw the consumption and production of alcoholic beverages in the United States -
Valentine's Day Massacre
This happened exactly on February 14, 1929, and was classified as one of the bloodiest days in mob history when 7 men were gunned down in Chicago. Al "Scarface" Capone rose to power after a rival gang was in shambles as a result of the killings. Some 70 rounds of ammunition were fired. When police officers from Chicago’s 36th District arrived, they found one gang member, Frank Gusenberg, barely alive. -
Black Tuesday
Black Tuesday refers to October 29, 1929, when panicked sellers traded nearly 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange (four times the normal volume at the time), and the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell -12%. Black Tuesday is often cited as the beginning of the Great Depression. Millions of people lost all their savings had no money anywhere and even lost their house. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
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Emergency Relief Act
The Emergency Relief and Construction Act was the United States' first major-relief legislation, enabled under Herbert Hoover and later adopted and expanded by Franklin D. Roosevelt as part of his New Deal. The Emergency Relief and Construction Act was an amendment to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act which was signed on January 22, 1932. It created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation which released funds for public works projects across the country. -
Election of 1932
United States presidential election of 1932, American presidential election held on Nov. 8, 1932, in which Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Republican Pres. Herbert Hoover. The 1932 election was the first held during the Great Depression, and it represented a dramatic shift in the political alignment of the country. Republicans had dominated the presidency for almost the entire period from 1860, save two terms each won by Grover Cleveland and by Woodrow Wilson. -
Glass Stegail Act
The Glass–Stegall legislation describes four provisions of the U.S. Banking Act of 1933 separating commercial and investment banking. The article 1933 Banking Act describes the entire law, including the legislative history of the provisions.The separation of commercial and investment banking prevented securities firms from taking deposits, and commercial Federal Reserve member banks from dealing in non-governmental securities for customers and many more things -
21st Amendment
The Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol on January 16, 1919. The Twenty-first Amendment was ratified on December 5, 1933. It is unique among the 27 amendments of the U.S. Constitution for being the only one to repeal a prior amendment and to have been ratified by state ratifying conventions. -
20th Amendment
The 20th amendment is a simple amendment that sets the dates at which federal United States government elected offices end. In also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. This amendment was ratified on January 23, 1933.The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3rd day of January -
Blitzkrieg
This was the German strategy to winning the war that was also known as the "lightning war". It was simply giving everything you got to your opponent at the start so you can take them out fast and have a fast war. This simply breaks through the opponent's line of defence by short, fast, powerful attacks and then dislocates the defenders, using speed and surprise to encircle them with the help of air superiority. -
The Dust Bowl
The dust bowl was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930 severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion. The drought came in three waves, 1934, 1936, and 1939–1940, but some regions of the high plains experienced drought conditions for as many as eight years. -
FIAT Currency
A currency without intrinsic value established as money, often by government regulation. It has an assigned value only because the government uses its power to enforce the value of a fiat currency or because the exchanging parties agree to its value. It was introduced as an alternative to commodity money and representative money. Since the change of the US dollar to gold, a system of national fiat currencies has been used globally, with freely floating exchange rates between national currencies. -
Maginot Line
A line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, and Luxembourg, the line did not extend to the English Channel due to French strategy that envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault. -
Allied Powers
The countries that together opposed the Axis powers during WW2. The Allies promoted the alliance as seeking to stop German, Japanese and Italian aggression. The Allies consisted of France, USSR and the United Kingdom. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The alliance was formalised by the Declaration by United Nations. -
Invasion of Poland
A joint invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, while the Soviet invasion commenced on 17 September following the Molotov-Tōgō agreement that terminated the Soviet and Japanese hostilities in the east on 16 September. -
Period: to
WWII
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Axis Powers
The nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces. The Axis powers agreed on their opposition to the Allies, but did not completely coordinate their activity. The Axis grew out of the diplomatic efforts of Germany, Italy, and Japan to secure their own specific expansionist interests in the mid-1930s. Benito Mussolini declared on 1 November that all other European countries would from then on rotate on the Rome–Berlin axis, thus creating the term "Axis". -
The Holocaust
A genocide during World War II in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and "incurably sick". -
The Great Migration
This was the migration or movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West. It was the desire of black Southerners to escape segregation, known euphemistically as Jim Crow. Rural African American Southerners believed that segregation-and racism and prejudice against blacks-was significantly less intense in the North. -
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor happened on December 7th, 1941. It was a surprise aerial attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on Oahu Island, Hawaii, by the Japanese that precipitated the entry of the United States into World War II. The strike climaxed a decade of worsening relations between the United States and Japan. By late 1941 the United States had severed practically all commercial and financial relations with Japan. -
Battle of Stalingrad
This was a battle between Germany and its Allies and the Soviet Union for the Soviet city of Stalingrad (today known as Volgograd) that took place between August 21, 1942 and February 2, 1943, as part of World War II. It was the turning point of World War II in the European Theater and was arguably the bloodiest battle in human history, with combined casualties estimated above 1.5 million. The battle was marked by brutality and civilian casualties on both sides. -
D-Day
The landing operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. The largest seaborne invasion in history. The operation began the liberation of German-occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control, and laid the foundations of the Allied victory on the Western Front. In the months leading up to the invasion, the Allies conducted a substantial military deception, codenamed Operation Bodyguard. -
The Nazi Party
A far-right political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and practised the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor, the German Workers' Party. The Nazi Party emerged from the German nationalist, racist and populist Freikorps paramilitary culture, which fought against the communist uprisings in post-World War I Germany. The party was created as a means to draw workers away from communism and into völkisch nationalism. -
Battle of Anzio
This was a battle of the Italian Campaign of World War II that took place from January 22, 1944 to June 5, 1944. The operation was opposed by German forces in the area of Anzio and Nettuno. The operation was initially commanded by Major General John P. Lucas, of the U.S. Army, commanding U.S. VI Corps with the intention being to outflank German forces at the Winter Line and enable an attack on Rome. -
Little Boy Bomb
The codename for the atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima during World War II by the Boeing B-29. It was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare. The Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history, after the Trinity test, and the first uranium-based detonation. It exploded with an energy of approximately 15 kilotons of TNT (63 TJ). The bomb caused significant destruction to the city of Hiroshima and its occupants. -
Battle of Berlin
While the Battle of Berlin encompassed the attack by three Soviet Army Groups to capture not only Berlin but the territory of Germany east of the River Elbe still under German control, the battle in Berlin details the fighting and German capitulation that took place within the city. On 23 April 1945, the first Soviet ground forces started to penetrate the outer suburbs of Berlin. By 27 April, Berlin was completely cut off from the outside world
