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Black Baptist and African Methodist Episocopal churches founded
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Both blacks and women began to participate in evangelical revivals associated with the Second Great Awakening at the end of the 18th century. From these revivals grew the roots of the both the feminist and abolitionist movements
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in 1790 there were 697,681 slaves
in 1800 there were 893,602 slaves
in 1810 there were 1,191,362 slaves
in 1820 there were 1,538,022 slaves
in 1830 there were 2,009,043 slaves
in 1840 there were 2,487,355 slaves
1850- 3,204,313
1860- 3,953,760 -
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Eli Whitney was among the first to develop a cotton gin (short for "engine") that separated seeds from short-staple cotton. This hardier cotton variety thrived in the new land of the Old Southwest, and could now be processed far more efficiently than had been possible by hand. Indeed, the gin increased by fifty times what a single person could process in a day. This new cotton production, in turn, provided the raw material for the booming industrial textile mills.
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BY one calculation, fully one-thrird of the female slaves in Virginia worked as house servents
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Nearly half of all White South Carolinians born after eventually fled the state
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The growth of the African American slave population was not due to better treatment than in other New World slave socities, but to the higher fertility of African American women, who in had a crude birth rate of 35-40, causing a 2.2% yearly population growth.
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Produced 60 mil pounds of cotton a year
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Migrartion to the Old Southwest
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The Reverend Allen joined with African American ministers from other cities to form the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) denomination.
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Cumulatively, between 1820 and 1860, nearly 50 percent of the slave population of the Upper South took part against their will in Southern expansion.
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In every decade after 1820, at least 150,000 slaves were uprooted either by slave trading or planter migration to the new areas, and in the expansions of the 1830s and 1850s the number reached a quarter of a million.
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An estimated 1 million slaves migragted involuntarily to the Lower South. Between 1820 and 1860
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free African American ministers like Andrew Marshall of Savannah and many more enslaved black preachers and lay ministers preached, sometimes secretly, to slaves.
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Second wave of westward expansion
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A British visitor to Natchez in 1835 noted slave "mechanics, draymen,hostelers, labourers, hucksters and wash women and the heterogeneous multiude of every other occupation."
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When the British actress FAnny Kemble came to live on her husband's Georgia plantation, what shocked her the more deeply than any other aspect of the slave system was the treatment of Pregnant Black Women.
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The 5 civilized tribes - The Cherokee, Chickasaws, Choctaw, Creeks, and Seminoles. Were forced to give up their lands and move to Indian Territory
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White People as well as Black died, as the expectancy figures show: 40-43 years for white people and 30-33 years for black people.
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55 percent of all slaves were engaged in cotton growing. 20 percent labored to produce other crops: tobacco (10%), rice, sugar, and hemp.
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More than 50,000 South Carolina natives living in Georgia, almost as many in Alabama, and 26,000 in Mississippi
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