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What was education like?
During this time, education was different in many ways. First, one room schoolhouses were used to teach, in which a single teacher taught all the grades. Next, there was no transportation available. The students and teacher had to walk to school. Learning supplies consisted of only a slate and chalk. Education usually ended after 8th grade. Lastly, students were very disciplined and had to deal with strict corporal punishment if they did not follow the rules. -
Secondary Education
English classical school was established. It was the first free secondary school established in Boston for boys.It wasn't until 1852 that they established a high school for girls as well. -
Emma Hart Willard
She opened the door for higher education for women.
She opened the Troy Female Seminar, which was devoted to preparing professional teachers. It was the first secondary school for females. -
Horace Mann
The leading advocate for the establishment of a common school. The purpose of a common school was to provide a free education to all students. He was known as "The Father of Public School."
He served as the first Secretary of State on the Massachusetts State Board of Education.
He created "Normal Schools" that focused on preparing teachers to teach. -
Schoolhouse
One room schoolhouses were used to teach students ranging from different ages. One teacher, usually an unmarried woman would do all the teaching. -
Instruction Tools/ McGuffey Readers
McGuffey Readers were used for learning purposes. They were geared for different grade levels. -
Learning Tools
Slates and chalk were the primary learning tools used by students. -
Compulsory Education Law
The law required every city and town to offer primary school to students. It was designed to take education out of parochial schools and focus on state-run public schools.
Massachusetts was the first state to enact this law. -
Elizabeth Palmer Peabody
She founded the first English-language kindergarten and training school for kindergarten teachers in Boston. -
Kalamazoo, Michigan, case
The Supreme Court in Michigan ruled that taxes could be used to support secondary schools and universities. It set a precedent for other states to do the same. -
Booker T Washington
He contributed to the vocational education of African Americans.
He founded the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in Alabama, which focused on training African Americans in agricultural pursuits. -
Plessy v Ferguson, case
The Supreme court decision stated that segregation became a legally sanctioned part of the American way of life. Through this ruling, the courts developed the "separate but equal" doctrine. -
Sources
https://education.findlaw.com/education-options/compulsory-education-laws-background.html
https://blogs.ancestry.com/cm/how-school-was-different-in-the-1800s/https://www.constitution.org/lanc/monitorial.htmhttps://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Kalamazoo-Case-The/327889http://mentalfloss.com/article/58705/11-ways-school-was-different-
Sadker, David Miller, and Karen R. Zittleman. Teachers, Schools, and Society: a Brief Introduction to Education. McGraw-Hill Education Create, 2018.
