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"Black Jack"
John J. Pershing assingned to the frontier with the Tenth Cavalry, an all black regiment. At that time, black soldiers were segeregated from white soldiers and he was given the nickname because he spent time with them. -
Glenn Curtiss
Glenn Curtiss dropped out of school at 8th grade and in 1904, he began to manufacture engines for airships. 4 years later, he joined the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA), a pioneering research group, founded by Alexander Graham Bell at Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia to build flying machines. -
"the fastest man on earth"
Glenn Curtiss rode world's fastest V-8 motorcycle to a speed of 136 miles per hour in ormond Beach. He became known as "the fastest man on earth." -
June Bug
Glenn Curtiss flew a plane called the June Bug across Pleasant Valley in Hammondsport a distance of 5,090 feet and he won the first leg of the Scientific American trophy. -
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secretary of the navy
From 1913 to 1920, which included the years of World War One - Roosevelt was assistant secretary of the navy, where he achieved a reputation as a capable young administrator. -
the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
James Garvery founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). He was a public speaker then, and Garvey spoke across America. He urged African-Americans to be proud of their race and return to Africa, their ancestral homeland and attracted thousands of supporters. -
Sussex Pledge
The Sussex Pledge was a promise made in 1916 during World War I by Germany to the United States prior to the latter's entry into the war. Despite this avowed restriction, a French cross-channel passenger ferry, the Sussex, was torpedoed without warning on March 24, 1916; the ship was severely damaged and about 50 lives were taken. -
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The Great Migration
The Great Migration, more than 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest and West from 1916 to 1970, changed urban life in the United States. Due to the harsh condition for blacks, they headed to North and the African American population of New York and Chicago expanded exponentally. -
WWI
The U.S. entered WWI and Pershing was appointed commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), the military force sent to Europe. He had to make many decisions, such as how large the AEF should grow, how to organize supplies, and when his troops would be ready for combat. AEF participated numerous battles and on November 11, 1918, World War I ended, due to the combined efforts of the AEF and the European allies. General Pershing and his men were celebrated as heroes. -
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WWI
John J. Pershing was the General in the U.S. Army and led American Expeditionary Forces to victory over Germany in WWI. He was the only person who promoted to General of the Armies in his lifetime. -
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Battle of the Argonne Forest
Battle of the Argonne Forest was fought for 47 days and was a largest battle in United States military history and involving 1.2 million American soldiers. -
Medal of Honor
For Alvin York's outstanding leadership and achievement during WWI, York promoted to sergenet and awarded the Distinguish Service Cross and he recieved the Medal of Honor. Also got other Honors and when he came back to the U.S., he was hailed as a hero. -
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties and led the war end. It included the enormous amount of reparations for Germany and it was a harsh condition for Germany. United States President Woodrow Wilson issued a statement that became known as the Fourteen Points weren't included in the treaty. -
Return to normalcy
Warren G. Harding promised “Return to Normalcy” in the United States presidential campaign of 1920. He claimed he would return the people's life to the way of life before WWI. -
jazz music
Since 1920s, jazz music became popular as a one of the musical genre and mostly African Americans played and expanded. Their culture finally getting accepted. -
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Harlem Renaissance
During the 1920s to the mid-1930s, Harlem Renaissance was a new black identity and culture. Their life were gradually accepted as a prouded race. Harlem Renaissance included the visual arts but excluded jazz, despite its parallel emergence as a black art form. -
The Crisis
Langston Hughes first published The Crsis and it becme his signature poem. Hughes was one of the earliest innoventors of the literary art form called jazz poetry. life and work were enormously influential during the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. It was later paraphrased as "when Harlem negro in Vogue." -
Polio
Roosevelt suddently fell ill with polio and unable to walk without braces or cane. However, not many Americans noticed his ill and also it gave him motivation to work hard for the U.S. -
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Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl was a harsh drought in 1930s from Oklahoma to New Mexico. Also "black blizzards" hit and picked the loose plants up from the soil. It affected people's health and agriculture. People had to move and lived in a tent. It gave a enormous damages to the Unitrd States. -
James Garvery was arrested
Garvey was arrested for mail fraud in connection with the sale of stock in the Black Star Line, which had now failed. Although there were irregularities connected to the business, the prosecution was probably politically motivated, as Garvey's activities had attracted considerable government attention. -
Orteig Prize
In 1919, a New York City hotel owner named Raymond Orteig offered $25,000 to the first aviator to fly nonstop from New York to Paris. Several pilots were killed or injured while competing for the Orteig prize. Charles Lindbergh flew from New York to Paris for 20 hours 21 minutes and won the prize. -
Anne Spencer Morrow
Charles Lindbergh flew to various Latin-American countriesas a symbol of a Annerican good will. When he was in Mexico, he met Anne Spencer Morrow whose father is the American ambassador of Mexico. Two years later, Linbergh married Anne. He taught her how to fly and went many flying expeditions together. -
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The Great Depression
The Great Depression was the deepest and worst economic downturn in the history. In 1920s, many people wanted to be rich fast and bought plenty of stocks. Then they became overprice and suddently the price fell. The top bankers bought stocks to stop it but in 1929, the stock market crashed and the world paniced. In 1930s President Roosevelt's "New Deal" program lessen the effects of the Great Depression. -
"black Tuesday"
The Great Depression in the United States began on October 29, 1929, a day known forever after as “Black Tuesday,” when the American stock market crashed. -
Charles Augustus, Jr. kidnapping
the Lindberghs' 20-month-old son, Charles Augustus, Jr., was kidnapped from the family home in New Jersey. About ten weeks later, his body was found. In 1934, police arrested a carpenter, Bruno Richard Hauptmann, and charged him with the murder. Hauptmann was convicted of the crime. He was executed in 1936. -
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New Deal program
Due to the Great Depression, he made "New Deal" program and tried to provide relief for the unemployed, jobs, and economy.
However, it costed a lot and it didn't work well. -
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New Deal program
In 1932, it was one of the worst econoy situation in America and one-quarter of the American workforce was unemployed. In 1933, Franklin Roosevelt took office and provide people with jobs and relief to those who were suffering and the policy was called "New Deal." However, most of program costed too much and there were not much change in American employment. -
German medal of honor
Linbergh was impressed with the advanced aircraft inddustry of Nazi, Germany and in 1938, he got a German medal of honor. Later, he was asked to return the medal by Americans but he refused so he was suspected as z Nazi sympathizer. -
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Red Scare
As the Cold War between the Soviet Uniion and the United States escalated from 1940s to the early 1950s, hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S. became known as the Red Scare. -
Dorothy Lange
Dorothy Lange was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for excellence in photography. She was an influential American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA). -
50 combats missions
Though he was a civilian, he had to fly about 50 combats missions.