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WWII
Experts Robert Gagner, Leslie Briggs, and John Flanagan were called on to assist in the creation of easy to use instructional media/technology to assist in quickly training military and civilians for war supported roles -
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Programmed Instruction Movement
Major factor in systems approach development-saw the coining of the importance of Objectives and the Criterion-Referenced Testing movement (which required entry and exit exams as a means to instruction). -
The Conditions of Learning is written
Robert Gagne introduced a learning task analysis and hierarchical learning structure including the outcomes and events of instruction. -
Formative Evaluation introduced
Michael Scriven states that the testing of instruction before it's final form is equally as important as summative evaluation as a result of Sputnik response training. -
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Instructional Design Boom
Instructional Technology is embraced in higher level education, business industries, military , and international learning. In addition, the Journal of Instructional Development was created. -
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Downward Trend for IST
Instructional Technology had little impact on public schools and universities. -
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Human Performance Improvement Movement
On the job performance, electronic performance support tools, and computer based knowledge management systems take form. -
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Internet and Social Media Movement
With the internet and social media allowing access to many online learning avenues, Instructional Designers play an important role in creating online content. Thus, the demand for instructional designers increases as the need for formal classroom training decreases. This need will continue for the foreseeable future.