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First conceived of Behaviorist Approach
This first phase was first conceived in 1950s but it was implemented in 1960s and 1970s. -
The use of CALL
CALL has been used since the 1960s and 1970s, but it still lacks a clear research methods. -
The Phases of CALL Development
CALL has three phases (Behaviorist, Communicative Approach, and Integrative CALL Approach) that were different in the methods. -
First Phase of CALL Development
First Phase is Behaviorist that was implemented in 1960s and 1970s when the audio-lingual
method was widely used. Drill and practice type software was mainly present at the time. In this phase,
the computer is used as a tutor, presenting drill
exercises without feed-back component, i.e. not
including interactive components. -
Second phase
The Communicative approach became prominent in the late 1970s and early 1980s that focuses more on
using forms than on the forms themselves.
These programs provide skill practice in a nondrill
format (e.g. language games, reading, and
text reconstruction) and content was focused and grammar was believed to be taught implicitly. In this phase the computer
is still used as a tutor, but it gives students
choices, control and interaction. -
CALL and Internet
Internet offers authentic materials and promoting development of new learning strategies. There are five guidelines that focuse on some pedagogical requirements that is designed to help
teachers in implementing computer-networked
activities in language acquisition:
(1) Consider your goals, (2) Think Integration, (3) Don’t Underestimate the Complexity, (4) Provide Necessary Support, (5) Involve Students in Decisions. -
Third phase
Integrative CALL approach is the current approach based on multimedia computers and the Internet that combine text, graphics, sound, animation and video. The mentioned hypermedia resources can be accessed from a PC, using CD ROMS or the Internet. Integrative CALL and its research methods are still under development. This approach's aims at teaching language skills in an integrated fashion, is the valid form of computer use for language teaching purposes. -
Period: to
The History of CALL and its Phases
