THE GREAT PENINSULAR KINGDOMS (13th-15th CENTURIES)

Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa

Jul 16, 1212

The kingdom of Castille formed an alliance with Aragón and Navarre against the Almohads who had invaded the peninsula and put a stop on the southwards expansion of the Christian kingdoms.

Definitive union of Castile and León

1230

The two kingdoms were finally unified in 1230, when Ferdinad III inherited the Kingdom of Castile from his mother and the Kingdom of León from his father.

Ferdinand III occupies Jaén

1244

King Ferdinand III of Castile opted for a new siege, supported by Pelayo Pérez Correa, Grand Master of the Order of Santiago, discarding the assault on the city. During the winter of 1245 he launched strong attacks that devastated crops and villages near the city.

Treaty of Almizra

Apr 26, 1244

The Castilian and Aragonese troops met in Murcia. Alfonso X of Castile and James I of Aragón signed the Treaty of Almizra, which meant that Murcia remained part of Castile.

Alfonso X conquests Niebla

1262

Alfonso X decided to start the conquest of the last Andalusian kingdom of the West. The most probable cause seems to be to reaffirm the Castilian rights over the Algarve and to get ahead of the Portuguese. Conquering Niebla and its territory, Castile secured an exit to the Atlantic from the South, limited the Portuguese expansion and strengthened its presence in territories that belonged to it through vassalage.

Foundation of the Mesta

1273

The Honest Council of the Mesta of Alfonso X was created in 1273 by Alfonso X el Sabio, bringing together all the pastors of León and Castilla in a national association and granting our parents prerogatives and privileges stories such as exempting them from military service and witnessing in Trials, rights of way and grazing, etc.

Battle of Salado

Oct 30, 1340

In 1340 a Benimerin army crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and laid siege to Tarifa. Alfonso XI, the king of Castile, went out to meet the Muslims and defeated them in a decisive battle.

Alfonso XI occupies Algeciras

1344

The siege of Algeciras of 1342 was a warlike enterprise carried out by the Castilian troops of Alfonso XI together with the fleets of Aragon and Genoa during the Reconquest with the aim of conquering a Muslim city called Algeciras by the Christians, main port of the European shore of the Strait of Gibraltar.

Beginning of the Trastámara dynasty in the Crown of Castile

1369

The House of Trastámara was a branch of the dynasty of Castilian origin that reigned in the Crown of Castile from 1369 to 1555.
The House, a minor branch of the reigning House of Burgundy, takes its name from the County of Trastamara in northwestern Galicia, a title it held before accessing the throne Henry II after the civil war that ended with the murder in 1369 of his environment Brother Pedro I.

Castilian Civil War

1475

The First Castilian Civil War was a conflict that took place between the supporters of King Pedro I of Castile. The First Castilian Civil War was the result of the division during the reign of Alfonso XI of the court of Castile: one headed by Queen Maria of Portugal , and another by the king's mistress, Leonor de Guzmán, and who gave the sovereign ten sons, including Enrique de Trastamara

Conquest of Granada

1482

The war in Granada was the set of military campaigns undertaken by Queen Elizabeth I of Castile and her husband King Ferdinand II of Aragon in the interior of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada, which culminated in the Capitulations of Granada of the king Boabdil, who had oscillated between the alliance, and that had as consequences the integration in the Crown of Castile of the last Muslim kingdom of the Iberian Peninsula, ending the historical process of The Reconquest.