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EU & world: first avant-garde start
The First World War resulted in the birth of "vanguard" groups, which coincided with the attempt to break a culture that seemed exhausted. The very word avant-garde comes from the military language that implies a fraction of a troop, as well as the space which refers to his forehead. The link of the word with art had its beginning in France, as a reflection of the fighting spirit of the new movement. -
Russia: intervention in the war
The Russian Empire entered the war from the beginning of the First World War. The empire received the German declaration of war on August 1. For the next three and a half years Russia, an ally of the other powers of the Triple Entente, fought hard on the eastern front against the mass of the Austro-Hungarian army and a significant part of the German army.
Russia was no longer able to support the war and retired in 1917 -
“murder of Sarajevo“
Gavrilo Princip assassinated on June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, definitively unleashing the First World War. The archduke was visiting Sarajevo there planned to visit the town hall and various events, the crowd was waiting for of the route to greet the imperial couple. Among the people and stationed at various places along the way were the seven terrorists, of whom 1 killed the archdukes. -
Nicholas II Romanov
Nicholas II Romanov He was, in fact, the last Russian emperor. was born in St. Petersburg in 1868, he rose to the throne in 1894. He was incapable of governing his kingdom, and under his rule, Russia entered the war after he left, and a republic was installed in Russia. -
The battle of the Marne
The Battle of the Marne, was a joint offensive of French armies and the British Force along the Marne River, in France, against the invasion of the Germans. The offensive began on September 6 when the British joined the French armies It retreated on September 12 with a crucial victory for the allies, with which it is possible to stop the German advance towards Paris. The Great Retreat occurred between August 24 and September 5 when the French armies retreated towards the south of the river. -
Battle of Tannenberg
framework of the first stages of the 1st World War, this battle between the Second German Empire and Russian Empire ruled by Tsar Nicholas II. Russia, ally of France and component of the Triple Entente designed a plan against Germany to end the war quickly. The plan was to invade the German Empire with two army corps and make the Germans cede in the city of Konigsberg. The two armies Russians were encircled and being decimated by the powerful Germany surrendered. -
The western front: trench wars
The Western Front of the First World War opened in 1914 after the German Empire's army invaded Belgium and Luxembourg. The advance of the Empire underwent a dramatic turn after the first battle of the Marne. Both sides Allies and Central Powers Were installed in a sinuous line of fortified trenches, Which extended from the North Sea to the border of Switzerland With France. That line remained static for most of the war. -
The battle of Verdun
Battle of Verdun. Longest battle of the First World War. The French casualties in this confrontation, and their impact on the French army, were the main reasons that moved the British to start the Battle of the Somme in July 1916, in an effort to relieve German pressure on the French in Verdun. The result was a quarter of a million dead and around half a million wounded between both sides. -
The battle of the Somme
The 1916 Battle of the Somme was one of the longest and bloodiest of the First World War, with more than a million casualties between both sides. British and French forces attempted to break through German lines along a forty-kilometer front to the north and south of the Somme River in northern France. The main purpose of the battle was to distract the German troops from the Battle of Verdun; however, the losses of the battle of the Somme ended up being superior to those of the latter. -
Russia:Lenin
Vladimir Lenin(1870-1924)
Under his leadership Russia became a socialist state ruled by the communist party, its political theories were recognized as "Leninism". It promoted a campaign for the First World War to be transformed into a proletarian revolution. After the Russian revolution of February 1917 which led to the fall of the Tsarist monarchy and the establishment of a provisional government, returned to Russia.Lenin assumed a leading role in the October 1917 revolution. -
Russia:Civil war
The Russian Civil War was a multiple armed conflict that took place between 1917 and 1923 on the territory of the Russian Empire, between the new Bolshevik government and its Red Army, in power since October 1917, and on the other side the military of the former army Tsarist, the so-called White Movement, composed of conservatives and liberals, favorable to the monarchy, as well as the democratic socialists: the revolutionary socialists and the Mensheviks opposed to the Bolshevik revolution. -
Russia:February revolution
The Revolution of February 1917 in the Russian Empire marked the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917. It caused the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, put an end to the Russian monarchy.This revolution was born as a reaction to the policy carried out by the Tsar, his denial and the participation of Russia in the First World War.The nascent regime resulted from an alliance between liberals and socialists that was to give way to a democratically elected executive and a constituent assembly -
united states: entry into the great war
In 1917 the United States entered the war alongside the countries of the Entente. The trigger was Germany's decision to start an indiscriminate submarine war against all the ships that left and arrived in Britain, to isolate the island and get the better of it. This act, however, was negatively judged by the American president Wilson, as this action violated the rights of neutral countries. The United States, therefore, broke off diplomatic relations with Germany and declared war on them. -
Russia:The October Revolution
The October Revolution is the final and decisive phase of the Russian revolution that marked first the collapse of the Russian Empire and then the establishment of the Soviet Republic. After the overthrow of the monarchy, for some months Russia was upset by conflicts, and the Bolshevik party led by Lenin decided armed action against the provisional government to assume all power. The Bolsheviks formed a revolutionary government chaired by Lenin. -
Suffrage to the over30 womans
The British Parliament approved on February 6, 1918 a law granting the right to suffrage to women over 30 years, which at that time were more than eight million in a country still immersed in World War I. The first favorable groups Women's suffrage was formed in the United Kingdom in the late 1860s, but did not become relevant until the activist Emmeline Pankhurst founded in 1903 the Women's Political and Social Union. -
The treaty of Brest-Litvovsk
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, was a treaty signed on March 3, 1918 by Russia, Germany, Austro-Hungarian & others,in the city of Brest-Litvosk.This treaty put an end to the participation of Russia in the First World War.Lenin,the Bolshevik leader, was one of those who most defended the end of Russia's participation in the First World War. With this treaty Russia would lose many territories, although thanks to him he could consolidate his emerged government after the October revolution. -
Russia:PCUS
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union, born as a Bolshevik current of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1903, subsequently developed as an autonomous party and was the protagonist of the revolutionary motions that interested the Russian Empire in the first part of the 20th century until it successfully led the October Revolution of 1917, following which it began the transformation of Russia into a socialist state and gave birth to the Soviet Union (December 1922). -
Russia:End of the Romanovs
End of the Romanovs is an expression used by various historians to designate the set of political murders carried out by the new Soviet power on members of the former imperial family. From the October revolution of 1917 to the beginning of 1919 about twenty people of both sexes were murdered, about a third of the adult members of the imperial family, starting from the deposed emperor Nicholas II with all his family. -
The second battle of the Marne
The second Battle of the Marne or Battle of Reims (July 15-August 6, 1918) was the last major German offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. The attack failed when an allied counterattack led by French and American forces, equipped with several hundred tanks, disrupted the German right flank, causing heavy casualties. The German defeat marked the beginning of the implacable Allied advance -
The Compiegne Armistice
On November 11th 1918, in a railway car near the French municipality of Compiegne, Germany signed its surrender to the allied powers belonging to the Alliance.
The document foresaw the acceptance of heavy conditions, which included the transfer of war material, the withdrawal from the occupied territories and limitations to the German armed forces in the years to come.
The armistice, while ending the first world war. -
The treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty that was signed in the same city at the end of the First World War by more than fifty countries. This treaty officially ended with the state of war between Germany and the Allies of the First World War. It was signed on June 28, 1919, exactly five years after the attack on Sarajevo, the direct cause of the First World War. The Treaty of Versailles came into force on January 10, 1920. -
The League of Nations (SDN)
The League of Nations (SDN) or League of Nations was an internacional organization created by the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. It was proposed to establish the bases for peace and the reorganization of international relations once the First World War. Although it failed to solve the serious problems that arose in the 20s and 30s, it is important because it was the first organization of its kind in history and the antecedent of the UN. -
Russia:USSR
The history of the Soviet Union has its roots in the Russian Revolution of 1917.The Bolsheviks were known as the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party and their Red Army finally won the Civil War.In the territory of the former Russian Empire the Soviet Republic of Russia emerged along with the Soviet Republic of Ukraine, the Soviet Republic of Belarus and the Federal Democratic Republic,which finally in 1922 joined and formed the Union of Socialist Republics Soviet or simply USSR.
