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The British had previously retreated from Boston, moving the theater of war to the Middle States
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General William Howe and Admiral Richard Howe joined forces on Staten Island and sailed into New York harbor with the largest British force ever assembled.
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The battle of New York ended in late August with an American retreat following heavy losses.
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The British had pushed Washington's army across the Delaware River into Pennsylvania
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In the face of a fierce storm, Washington led 2,400 men in small rowboats across the ice-choked Delaware River
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Fewer than 8,000 men remained under Washington's command, and the terms of their enlistment were due to end
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Still bitter from their defeat by the British in the French and Indian War, the French had secretly sent weapons to the Patriots
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The Americans were rallied by an astonishing victory against 1,200 British stationed at Princeton
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General Howe began his campaign to seize the American capital at Piladelphia
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Massed American troops finally surrounded Burgoyne at Saratoga, where he surrendered his battered army to General Gates
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Albigense Waldo worked as a surgeon at Vally Forge, which was the site of the Continental Army's camp during the winter
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The French recogonized American independence and signed a treaty of cooperation, with the Americans
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In the midst of the frozen winter at Vally Forge, American troops began an amazing transformation
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After their devastating defeat at Saratoga, the British changed their military strategy and began to shift their operations to the south
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A British expedition easily took Savannah and Georgia
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The young Lafayette joined Washington's staff and bore the misery of Valley Forge, lobbied for French reinforcements in France
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A royal governor once again commanded Georgia
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General Henry Clinton, who had replaced Howe in New York sailed south with 8,500 men.
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A french army of 6,000 had landed in Newport, Rhode Island, after the British left the city to focus on the south.
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In their greatest victory of the war, the British captured Charles Town, South Carolina and marched 5,500 American soilders off as prisoners of war.
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In August, Cornwallis' army smashed American forces at Camden, South Carolina and the British had established forts across the state.
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When the forces met at Cowpens, South Carolina, the British expected the outnumbered Americans to flee; but the continental Army fought back, and forced the redcoats to surrender.
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Angered by the defeat at Cowpens, Cornwallis attacked Greene at Guilford Court House, North Carolina.
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Greene wrote a letter to Lafayette, asking for help for the fight for the south.
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The troops were finally paid in specie, or gold due to the efforts of Morris and Salomon.
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With his troops outnumbered by more than two to one and exhuasted from constant shelling, Cornwallis finally raised the white flag of surrender.
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A triumphant Washington, the French generals and their troops assembled to accept the British surrender.
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Colonel William fontaineof Virginia militia stood with the American and French armies lining a road near Yorktown, Virginia to witness the formal British surrender.
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The delegates signed the Treaty of Paris, which confirmed U.S. independence and set the boundaries of the new nation.
