The Creativity Code Timeline

  • Aristotle's Photo
    384 BCE

    Aristotle's Photo

    This image of the sculpture is taken from Wikipedia, as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle
  • Period: 384 BCE to 322 BCE

    Aristotle

    Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath in Ancient Greece. His works vary from mathematics, science, linguistics, philosophy, to poetry and many other subjects. He was known as the first person to study the concept of logic, which was later applied greatly in the fields of mathematics and sciences
  • Euclid's Photo
    325 BCE

    Euclid's Photo

    *Note: this image is taken from Wikipedia as indicated below,
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid.
  • Period: 325 BCE to 265

    Euclid

    Euclid was a Greek mathematician who was well known for his contribution to geometry. He was referred to as "the father of geometry". Euclid's most famous work was Elements, which served as the main textbook for teaching mathematics until the 19th and 20th centuries. Furthermore, Euclid also published works on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory, and mathematical rigor.
  • Heron's Photo
    10

    Heron's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as indicated below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_of_Alexandria
  • Period: 10 to 70

    Heron of Alexandria

    Heron of Alexandria was a Greco-Egyptian mathematician and engineer who developed Heron's formula in math, which enables you to calculate the area of a triangle by square rooting the product of half of the triangle's perimeter, named S, and the difference between S and each of the three side lengths.
  • Hypatia's Photo
    360

    Hypatia's Photo

  • Period: 360 to 415

    Hypatia

    Hypatia was a Hellenistic Neoplatonist philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer. She was the first female mathematician whose life and work was formally recorded in history. She was known to construct--although not invented--astrolabes and hydrometers. She published writings on mathematics and astronomy. Her works in mathematics were mostly found on conic sections and algebraic equations. At the age of 55 years old, she was brutally murdered by a mop of Christain fanatics.
  • Al-Khwarizmi's Photo
    780

    Al-Khwarizmi's Photo

    This image is found on Wikipedia, as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Musa_al-Khwarizmi#Arithmetic
  • Period: 780 to 830

    Al-Khwarizmi

    Al-Khwarizmi (formerly Latinized as Algorithmi) was a Persian polymath who contributed to the fields of mathematics, astronomy, and geography. He was best known for his findings in algebra, and was regarded as "the father of Algebra". He found the first systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations and provided geometric justifications for them. Aside from algebra, he made influential contributions to arithmetic. His works described algorithm s on decimal numbers.
  • Fibonacci's Sculpture
    1170

    Fibonacci's Sculpture

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as indicated below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci#Works
  • Period: 1170 to 1250

    Fibonacci

    Fibonacci was an Italian mathematician who was considered as "the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages". His most famous work was the development of the Fibonacci sequence, in which each number is the sum of the previous two numbers. His works include Liber Abaci, which was a book on calculations, and Practica Geometriae, which was on practical geometry.
  • Descartes' Photo

    Descartes' Photo

    *Note: the image is taken directly from Wikipedia, as linked below:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes
  • Period: to

    René Descartes

    René Descartes was a philosopher and mathematician who spent the majority of his life working in the Dutch Republic. He is considered the father of modern philosophy, and many of his philosophical elements had precedents in late Aristotelianism. Descartes also held equal influences in mathematics. He was regarded as the founder of analytical geometry used in the discovery of infinitesimal calculus and analysis. The Cartesian Coordinate System was named after him.
  • Fermat's Photo

    Fermat's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Fermat
  • Period: to

    Pierre de Fermat

    Pierre de Fermat( born between 31 October and 6 December 1607) was a French lawyer and mathematician who was known for his developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, and his method for finding the greatest and smallest ordinates of curved lines, and his research in number theory. He developed Fermat's Last theory in number theory and was known for Fermat's principle for light propagation. Aside from that, Fermat had contributed to the fields of analytical geometry, probability, and optics.
  • Pascal's Photo

    Pascal's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Pascal#Treatise_on_the_Arithmetical_Triangle
  • Period: to

    Blaise Pascal

    Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, writer, and Catholic theologian who was best known for his work on conic sections and probability theory (which he worked with Fermat) in the field of mathematics. Pascal wrote an influential treatise on projective geometry at the age of 16. His treatise on the Arithmetical Triangle developed into the concept of Pascal Triangle, which became the principle of binomial theorems.
  • Euler's Photo

    Euler's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler
  • Period: to

    Leonhard Euler

    Leonhard Euler was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician, and engineer who was best known for his discoveries in mathematics. He made influential contributions to infinitesimal calculus, graph theory, topology, and analytic number theory. He also introduced ideas of modern mathematical notation for mathematical analysis. He had developed the number, e, which was named Euler's Number.
  • Laplace's Photo

    Laplace's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia as linked below,
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace
  • Period: to

    Pierre-Simon Laplace

    Pierre-Simon Laplace was a French polymath who was best known for his works in the field of physics. However, Laplace did publish many papers on mathematics and made influential contributions to the field of differential equations, and examined applications to astronomy and probability theory.
  • Period: to

    Jean-Robert Argand

    Jean-Robert Argand was a Swiss amateur mathematician who contributed to the area of complex numbers, and who invented the idea of a complex number plane. He made the first rigorous proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.
  • Gauss' Photo

    Gauss' Photo

    *Note: The image is taken from Wikipedia, as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss
  • Period: to

    Carl Friedrich Gauss

    Carl Friedrich Gauss is a German mathematician and physicist who was prominently known for his contributions in mathematics and other fields. Gauss was also known for covering his tracks after publishing theories. In his publication of the Disquisitiones arithmeticae, one of the greatest mathematical works of all time, Gauss never gave out his readers any information of how he conjured his ideas. Nevertheless, Gauss was described to be the most influential mathematician.
  • Babbage's Photo

    Babbage's Photo

    *Note: this image of Charles Babbage was taken from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage
  • Period: to

    Charles Babbage

    Charles Babbage was an English mathematician, engineer, inventor, philosopher. As a graduate of the University of Cambridge, Babbage was mostly known as the computer's inventor. He invented the first mechanical computer, the Difference Engine, between the 1820s and 1830s. In the 1830s, Babbage designed the Analytical Engine, which was more complex than the Difference Engine and was described as the successor to his previous design, under the assistance of Ada Lovelace.
  • Lovelace's Photo

    Lovelace's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace
  • Period: to

    Ada Lovelace

    Ada Lovelace was an English mathematician and writer. She was mostly known for her work on the design of the Analytical Engine with Charles Babbage. Lovelace published the first algorithm that could be carried out by computers. She believed that computers could go beyond pure calculations, but they were not able to create anything that was not given to them by humans. This belief has led to human's study of artificial intelligence along with human intelligence.
  • Cayley's Photo

    Cayley's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as indicated below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Cayley
  • Period: to

    Arthur Cayley

    Arthur Cayley was an English mathematician who worked mostly in algebra and who helped found the Modern British School of Pure Mathematics. Cayley proposed the Cayley theorem, which states that every square matrix is a root of its own characteristic polynomial, and verified it for matrices of order 2 and 3. Cayley was the first mathematician to define the concept of groups as a set with a binary operation that meets certain laws.
  • Markov's Photo

    Markov's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia as linked below,
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Markov
  • Period: to

    Andrey Markov

    Andrey Markov was a Russian mathematician who was best known for his work on stochastic processes, which are objects usually defined as a family of random variables in the area of probability. He developed the Markov Chain, a model that states the possibility of an event depends only on the possibility of the previous event in a sequence of events. He proved the Markov's brother inequality along with his younger brother, Vladimir Markov.
  • Hardy's Photo

    Hardy's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._H._Hardy#Work
  • Period: to

    G.H. Hardy

    Godfrey Harold Hardy was an English mathematician from the University of Cambridge who was best known for his works in number theory and mathematical analysis. He proposed his conception of pure mathematics, which was against the traditional hydrodynamics in Cambridge.
  • Littlewood's Photo

    Littlewood's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia as linked below,
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewood
  • Period: to

    John Edensor Littlewood

    J.E. Littlewood was a British mathematician from the University of Cambridge. He worked in the field of mathematical analysis, number theory, and differential calculus. He had a collaboration with G.H. Hardy and Mary Cartwright (with whom he came up with an example of the buttery fly effect in chaos). Littlewood also attempted to prove the Riemann hypothesis by showing that if the hypothesis is true then the prime number theorem follows and obtained the error term.
  • Cartwright's Photo

    Cartwright's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cartwright#Recognition
  • Period: to

    Mary Cartwright

    Mary Cartwright was an English mathematician who was one of the pioneers of the chaos theory. She worked with Littlewood to find many solutions to an example of the butterfly effect and developed the Cartwright theorem, which states that an entire function of exponential type less than n must be bounded on the whole real axis if it is bounded at the integers.
  • Turing's Photo

    Turing's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as indicated below,
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing
  • Period: to

    Alan Turing

    Alan Turing was an English polymath who was best known for his works in theoretical computer science, in which he provided a formalization of the concepts of algorithm and mathematical computation. He was considered to be the founder of artificial intelligence and computer science and came up with the famous Turing Test that challenges computers to be programmed to talk to humans without humans realizing they are talking to machines.
  • Lorenz' Photo

    Lorenz' Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Norton_Lorenz
  • Period: to

    Edward Norton Lorenz

    Edward Norton Lorenz was an American mathematician and meteorologist who founded the chaos theory. He discovered that small changes in the input would introduce large changes in the long-term output. He also concluded that it is imprecise to forecast the weather over a long period of time.
  • Gale's Photo

    Gale's Photo

    The image is taken from Wikipedia, as linked below:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gale
  • Period: to

    David Gale

    David Gale was an American mathematician and economist. He contributed to mathematical economics, game theory, and convex analysis. In 1962, Gale and his partner, Shapley, have founded the deferred acceptance algorithm which solved matching problems, such as university admission problems and stable marriage problems.
  • Shapley's Photo

    Shapley's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley
  • Period: to

    Lloyd Shapley

    Lloyd Shapley was an American mathematician and the winner of a Nobel Economics Prize. He made significant contributions to the fields of mathematical economics and game theory. Shapley's major contributions included the Gale-Shapley algorithm, the Shapley value, stochastic games, and the Bondavera-Shapley theorem.
  • Michie's Photo

    Michie's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Michie#Awards_and_honours
  • Period: to

    Donald Michie

    Donald Michie was an English artificial intelligence researcher who worked for the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park during World War II. He contributed the effort to solve the German cipher "tunny". In 1960, Michie developed the Matchbox Educable Noughts And Crosses Engine, which was one of the earliest programs designed to play Tic-Tak-Toe against humans. The algorithm was able to perfect its strategy by learning from its mistakes made from playing with humans.
  • Appel's Photo

    Appel's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Appel#Contributions_to_mathematics
  • Period: to

    Kenneth Appel

    Kenneth Appel was an American mathematician who solved the four-color theorem with Wolfgang Haken, which states that "given any separation of a plane into contiguous regions, producing a figure called a map, no more than four colors are required to color the regions of the map so that no two adjacent regions have the same color," (Wikipedia).
  • Period: to

    Margaret Boden

    Margaret Boden (to present) is an English philosopher, psychologist, AI expert, physician, and cognitive scientist. She is a professor at the University of Sussex. In the novel, Boden is credited with identifying three types of creativity: Exploratory Creativity (to create within the boundary), Combinational Creativity (to take two ideas and create a new one out of them), and Transformational Creativity (a sudden shift of an idea to another).
  • Boden's Photo

    Boden's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia as linked below,
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Boden
  • Wiles' Photo

    Wiles' Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Wiles
  • Period: to

    Andrew Wiles

    Andrew Wiles (alives) is an English mathematician who is best known for his proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, for which he was awarded the 2016 Abel Prize and the 2017 Copley Medal. He is a research professor at the University of Oxford that specializes in Number Theory.
  • Hales' Photo

    Hales' Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia as linked below,
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Callister_Hales
  • Period: to

    Thomas Hales

    Thomas Hales is (still alive) an American mathematician who works in the fields of representation theory, discrete geometry, and formal verification. He proved the Kepler conjecture.
  • Voevodsky's Photo

    Voevodsky's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Voevodsky#Work
  • Period: to

    Vladimir Voevodsky

    Vladimir Voevodsky was a Russian-American mathematician who developed a homotopy theory for algebraic varieties that won him a Fields Medal. He had also proven the Milnor conjecture and motivic Block-Kato conjectures. Besides, he had written proofs for the univalent foundations of mathematics and homotopy type theory/
  • Perelman's Photo

    Perelman's Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia as linked below,
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigori_Perelman
  • Period: to

    Grigori Perelman

    Grigori Perelman (alives) is a Russian mathematician who is known for his contributions to geometric analysis, Riemannian Geometry, and geometric topology. His major achievement is proving the Poincare Conjecture (which is a theorem about the characterization of the 3-sphere), for which he was awarded the first Clay Millennium Prize in 2010.
  • Hassabis' Photo

    Hassabis' Photo

    This image is taken from Wikipedia, as linked below
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demis_Hassabis
  • Period: to

    Demis Hassabis

    Demis Hassabis (alives) is an English artificial intelligence researcher, neuroscientist, game designer, entrepreneur, and five times the winner of the Pentamind Board Game championship. He is the CEO and co-founder of DeepMind, a machine learning AI startup that was founded in 2010 In 2016, Hassabis presented his program, AlphaGo, which was a computer program that competed against humans in the complex Chinese Board Game, Go.