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Yalta Conference
What: It was the second meeting of Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin. They planned the defeat of Germany after the world war.
When: 1945
Where:Yalta in Crimea
What effect on the Cold War: It gave the Soviet Union control over Eastern Europe.
Effect on liberalism: Many European countries were forced into communism.
This is an example of alignment. -
Potsdam Conference
What: The last of the WWII meetings done by the allied groups. It was about the terms of postwar Europe, and they also discussed a declaration for the surrender from Japan.
When: July 17 - August 7 1945
Where: Cecilinhof
Effect on the Cold War: It failed to solve some of the issues, and that lead up to the events of the Cold War
Effect on liberalism: Because it was the last conference, it created more of a tension between the communist and the capitalists.
This is an example of alignment -
Hiroshima Bombing
What: The US released two nuclear bombs to Hiroshima. This was a leading factor to Japan's surrender to WWII
When: Aug 6, 1945
Where: Hiroshima, Japan
Effect on the Cold War: The goal of this was to pressure the USSR to have a negotiation over Germany and Eastern Europe. It added more of a tension between the two and furthered the war.
Effect on liberalism: Many innocent people from Hiroshima were killed. Fear was then spread.
-Deterrence -
Nagasaki Bombing
What: The US dropped another bomb on Nagasaki soon after that of Hiroshima. This act lead to the surrender of Japan after WWII.
When: Aug 9, 1945
Where: Nagasaki
Effect on the Cold War: This triggered the Cold War to begin. The US wanted Japan to surrender, but the USSR then started to became motivated to develop their own nuclear weapons.
Effect on liberalism: They were pro liberalism and wanted individual rights. They used fear as a tactic to achieve this.
This is an example of Deterrence -
Molotov plan
What: A program created by the Soviet Union that was intended to rebuild European countries.
When: 1947
Where: Europe
Effect on the Cold War: It helped the countries rely on the Soviet Union instead of the US, increasing their sphere of influence.
Effect on liberalism: The satellite countries were not allowed to participate in the Marshall plan (US) so that they wouldn't fall into capitalism.
-This is an example of alignment -
Truman Doctrine
What: A principle by the US to give support to countries threatened by the communists.
When: March 12 1949
Where: America
Effects on the Cold War: It was directed towards capitalists, as it would prevent the spread of communism by the Soviet Union. It kept the hatred going between the two.
Effects on liberalism: The citizens of the US did not get much of a chance to express what they wanted.
This is an example of alignment -
Marshall Plan
What: A program by the US to help Western Europe after the effects of WWII.
When: April 3, 1948
Where: US
Effect on Cold War: Adding the Marshall Plan is known as the beginning of the Cold War between the US and its allies against the Soviet Union
Effect on liberalism: The Marshall Plan improved liberalism in Europe. With the help of America, they gained security and gained more of a chance to fight off the communist group.
This is an example of alignment. -
Berlin Blockade
What: The Soviets were taking over the Eastern parts of Europe. Citizens of Berlin were being left without necessities.
When: June 24, 1948
Where: Berlin
Effect on the Cold War: It was a major crisis during the Cold War. It had an effect on the relationships between countries.
Effect on liberalism: The people living in Berlin were not receiving the necessities that they needed.
This is an example of expansionism. -
Brussels Treaty
What: It is a treaty that was signed to place down terms for cooperation and collective self defense as European countries were weakened after WWII.
When: Aug 25, 1948
Where: Brussels, Belgium
Effect on the Cold War: Stimulated peacekeeping within countries of Western Europe.
Effect on liberalism: It increased the cooperation in European countries as well as it protected the liberalism of the people.
This is an example of alignment. -
Soviet Creation of Nuclear Weapons
What: The Soviet Union began to create and develop nuclear weapons after they learned the US
When: 1940-1949
Where: Russia
Effect on the Cold War: The conflict between the USSR and the US increased as they raced to develop more nuclear weapons after the Soviets started it.
Effect on liberalism: Fear was spread as the conflict between the two countries increased.
This is an example of deterrence. -
NATO (alignment)
What:NATO was an alliance between North America and Europe. Its purpose is to ensure security from the Soviet Union.
When:April 4, 1949
Where: United States
Effect on the Cold War:It strengthened the allies from a possible domination from the Soviet Union
Effect on liberalism:It used to contain the Soviet Union which would stop communism from spreading. One of the goals was to keep the "Russians out, Americans in, and Germany down". The Soviet Union was not apart of NATO. -
Korean War
What: This was a war between North and South Korea that was divided after WWII.
When: 1950-1953
Where: Korea
Effect on the Cold War: Northern Korea was communist and Southern Korea was capitalist. This shows an internal conflict on whether to embrace capitalist or communist ideologies that continues the Cold War.
Effect on liberalism: North Korea lost their liberalism and South Korea gained liberalism.
This is an example of containment and spheres of influence. -
Stalin's Death
What: Stalin died due to a stroke.
When: March 5, 1953
Where: Kuntsevo, Dacha
Effect of the Cold War: His death slowed down the Cold War.
Effect of liberalism: People no longer had to live in fear of Stalin. However, the Gulags were still being continued and it was still tense. Those in the communist sphere of influence regained some of their rights and freedoms. -
Warsaw Pact
What: The Soviet Union created this in contrast to NATO
When: May 14,1955
Where: Warsaw, Poland
Effect on the Cold War: It increased the tension between the communists and the capitalists as it could demonstrate dominance by the Soviets over Europe.
Effect on liberalism: No direct conflict between NATO and Warsaw pact. But it was instead fought throughout many proxy wars causing individuals to loose their liberalism.
This is an example of alignment and expansionism. -
Vietnam War
What: A conflict between North and South Vietnam.
When: 1955-1975
Where: Vietnam
Effect on the Cold War: The Soviets had control over the north while the US had the south. If the Soviet Union won, they would become a greater threat to the US. This contributed to the conflict of the Cold War as Vietnam was separated.
Effect on liberalism: Liberalism was gained by South Vietnam as North Vietnam accepted a ceasefire.
This is an example of containment and spheres of influence. -
Hungarian Revolution
What: Hungarians were encouraged by a speech by the Soviet leader, causing unrest which resulted in fighting and riots.
When: 1956
Where: Hungary
Effect on the Cold War: The Soviet Union lost some of its communist countries and in result ended with a lot of deaths.
Effect on liberalism: Many of those involved lost their liberalism because they were either killed or captured.
This is an example of expansionism. -
NORAD
What: United States and Canadian organization that provides aerospace warning and protection.
When: Sept. 12, 1957
Where: Northern America
Effect on the Cold War: Both Canada and the US had a fear of a long range missiles, so they decided to work together to ensure protection.
Effect on liberalism: It improves liberalism at it provides people with a sense of security.
This is an example of alignment. -
Fidel Castro taking over
What: Fidel Castro overthrew the government and it resulted in Cuba becoming communist.
When: Feb 16, 1959-Dec 2, 1976
Where: Cuba
Effect on the Cold War: Before, Cuba was allied with the US, but since Castro was in power, they switched to communist. This also influenced surrounding countries to become communist also. This furthered the Cold War.
Effect on liberalism: They rejected liberalism and liked the idea of collectivism instead.
This is an example of alignment. -
Bay of Pigs
What:This was an invasion by the US with Cubans that attempted to flee from their communist country. This failed and many Cubans were killed or captured.
When:April 17, 1961
Where:Cuba
Cold War:The invasion was meant to overthrow communism and regain capitalist control in Cuban society. This continued the fight for dominance between the US and USSR.
Liberalism:A plan by the US to get Cubans to embrace liberalist ideologies and promote some of the individualistic rights of capitalism. -
Creation of the Berlin Wall
What: It was a wall that was created in Berlin to create a divider between capitalists and communists.
When: Aug 13, 1961
Where: Berlin, Germany
Effect on the Cold War: It created more of a conflict between the capitalists and communists. It was like an "iron curtain" that physically separated them.
Effect on liberalism: It had limitations on the people's freedoms. Berlin was split, so families could not travel to see other families.
This is an example of containment. -
End of the Cuban Missile Crisis
What: The US and USSR almost had nuclear conflict.
When: Oct 16-28, 1962
Where:Cuba
Cold War:It was a dangerous encounter between the US and the Soviet Union. They were close to having a nuclear conflict. Once it ended, it relieved some tension between the two as they dropped the threats towards one another.
Effect on liberalism:The end of the Cuban Missile Crisis left liberalism unchanged as the nations dropped the threats.
This is an example of deterrence, containment and brinkmanship. -
Nuclear Arms Treaties
What: Treaties that were made to prevent nuclear conflict. It was to have peaceful encounters between countries.
When: July 1, 1968
Where: Russia
Effect on the Cold War: It stopped the nuclear arms race and also put an end the nuclear threat of war.
Effect on liberalism: It gave a sense of relief to the citizens as they no longer have to live everyday in fear of nuclear warfare.
This is an example detente. -
Afghanistan/Soviet War
What:A fight between Afghan communist gov't, Soviet Union and the anti-communist Muslim guerrillas.The Soviets killed the Afghan leader and placed him with their own leader
When: 1979-1989
Where: Afghanistan
Cold War: The Soviet Unions version of the Vietnam war. It embarrassed the soviets because it made them looks weak to the rest of the world
Liberalism:Because the Afghanistan's had the chance to maintain their individual rights and therefore their liberalism
-Containment/expansionism -
Solidarity in Poland
What: A trade union movement in Poland that sparked the idea for opposing the communist ideologies.
When: 1980's
Where: Poland
Effect on the Cold War: Poland ended up becoming free from communism and the Soviet sphere of influence.
Effect on liberalism: It increased as it gave more workers some rights. Citizens also got more rights as they got to protest against something that they did not agree with.
This is an example of non-alignment. -
Berlin Wall Falling
What: The German Communist Party decided that the two separated halves could cross over whenever they wanted. Fall represents the freedom that communism doesn't support.
When: Nov 9,1989
When: Berlin
Effect on the Cold War: Began to bring the Cold War to a conclusion as the "iron curtain" that separated the capitalist and communist was no more.
Effect on liberalism: Communism was no longer valued in Berlin. People began to gain their rights and freedoms and could reunite with their families. -
Czechoslovakian Revolution
What:Reforms were put in place in order to give the citizens more freedoms. The Soviet Union then brought in troops and mass protests began to make them leave.
When: Nov 17, 1989
Where: Czechoslovakia
Cold War: This caused the USSR to invade in order to make sure they remained communist. Riots and chaos pursued to win back their rights.
Effect on liberalism: In the end, the reforms were taken away. The people had a loss in rights and therefore a loss in liberalism.
-Spheres of influence. -
The End of the Cold War
What: The Soviet Unions satellite countries were not communist anymore, and communism ended as the Berlin wall fell.
When: late 1991
Where: Everywhere
Effects of the Cold War: It ended, resulting in people no longer living in fear.
Effect on liberalism: Many people regained their freedoms and were not living under communist control.
